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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) impairs classical swine fever virus (CSFV) replication in monocytic cells, which are primary targets for CSFV and mediators of virus-induced immunomodulation. Although soluble antiviral factors including interferons (IFN) were not detected, IFN-alpha and IFN-beta mRNA were
Abstract Salmonella outer protein E, SopE, is a virulence factor that is secreted from gram-negative Salmonella enterica, which is pathogenic to humans and is responsible for gastroenteritis and typhoid fever. SopE targets the Rho GTPase family proteins of the host cell and manipulates them by
Human infection by Marburg (MBG) or Ebola (EBO) virus is associated with fatal haemorrhagic fevers. While these filoviruses may both incite disease as a result of explosive virus replication, we hypothesized that expression of individual viral gene products, such as the envelope glycoprotein (GP),