digitonin/infiammazione

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Galectin-3 is an amplifier of the interleukin-1β-mediated inflammatory response in corneal keratinocytes.

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Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a potent mediator of innate immunity commonly up-regulated in a broad spectrum of inflammatory diseases. When bound to its cell surface receptor, IL-1β initiates a signalling cascade that cooperatively induces the expression of canonical IL-1 target genes such as IL-8 and

[Lysosomotropism and anti-inflammatory action of gold salts].

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Gold salts have been widely used in the past 70 years in the treatment of various connective tissue diseases and more particularly in rheumatoid arthritis. However their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. Gold salts are transported in the blood linked with several serum proteins

Staphylococcus aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and Streptococcus pyogenes erythrogenic toxin A modulate inflammatory mediator release from human neutrophils.

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We studied the influence of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 and streptococcal erythrogenic (pyrogenic) toxin A (ETA) on intact and digitonin-permeabilized human polymorphonuclear granulocytes (PMNs). As was shown by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, toxic

In vitro effects of certain membrane-acting agents on superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, protein synthesis and membrane ATPase activity in buffalo PMN cells.

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Polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells play a key role in innate immunity, due to their ability to produce reactive oxidants such as superoxide (O(2-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and to release antimicrobial proteins and peptides stored in their lysosomal granules. In the present study, the effects of

Control of cellular influx in lung and its role in pulmonary toxicology.

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The pulmonary influx of cytotoxic inflammatory cells, normally, in response to external toxins, is now thought to be etiologic in many of the disease syndromes of man, such as bronchitis and emphysema. Many types of effector inflammatory cells are involved, e.g., eosinophils, neutrophils,

Cationic polyelectrolytes: potent opsonic agents which activate the respiratory burst in leukocytes.

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Bacteria and yeasts which are "opsonized" with cationic polyelectrolytes (poly-L-arginine, poly-L-histidine and arginine-rich histone) are avidly endocytosed by both "professional" and "non-professional" phagocytes. The cationized particles also strongly activate the respiratory burst in neutrophils

Synthesis and biological evaluation of biotinyl hydrazone derivatives of muramyl peptides.

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Muramyl peptides derived from bacterial peptidoglycan have long been known for their ability to trigger host innate immune responses, including inflammation and antimicrobial defense. Muramyl peptides have also been widely studied for their role as immune adjuvants. In mammals, the

Resting distribution and stimulated translocation of protein kinase C isoforms alpha, epsilon and zeta in response to bradykinin and TNF in human endothelial cells.

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Protein kinase C (PKC) has been linked to functional and morphological changes in endothelial cells involved in increased microvessel permeability. Bradykinin and TNF are potent inflammatory mediators which translocate PKC from the cytosol to the membrane of various cell types, including endothelial

Adjuvant activity of saponin: antigen localization studies.

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The adjuvant saponin potentiates the antibody response of mice to the antigen keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH). Studies using 125I-labelled KLH show that saponin significantly prolongs the retention of antigen at the subcutaneous injection site and also increases the amount reaching the spleen. Both

IPO3-mediated Nonclassical Nuclear Import of NF-κB Essential Modulator (NEMO) Drives DNA Damage-dependent NF-κB Activation.

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Activation of IκB kinase (IKK) and NF-κB by genotoxic stresses modulates apoptotic responses and production of inflammatory mediators, thereby contributing to therapy resistance and premature aging. We previously reported that genotoxic agents induce nuclear localization of NF-κB essential modulator

Zonal differences in gallium-67 uptakes between perivenous versus periportal regions of rat liver following carbon tetrachloride treatment.

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Gallium-67 ((67)Ga) has been used as a tumor or inflammation-imaging agent in nuclear medicine, although underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. To gain some insights into the mechanism of (67)Ga uptake by injured liver, we analyzed the difference between perivenous and periportal

Impact of endogenous nitric oxide on microglial cell energy metabolism and labile iron pool.

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Microglial activation is common in several neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, we used the murine BV-2 microglial cell line stimulated with gamma-interferon and lipopolysaccharide to gain new insights into the effects of endogenously produced NO on mitochondrial respiratory capacity,

Histamine-stimulated and GTP-binding proteins-mediated phospholipase A2 activation in rabbit platelets.

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Histamine is known to be a mediator of inflammation. In order to understand the role of histamine in platelets, we have examined the effects of histamine on arachidonic acid (AA) release, cAMP accumulation, inositol trisphosphate production, and serotonin secretion. Incubation of rabbit (and human)

High- and low-affinity binding of GRO alpha and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 to interleukin 8 receptors on human neutrophils.

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GRO alpha and neutrophil-activating peptide 2 (NAP-2), like their analog interleukin 8 (IL-8), are considered to be inflammatory mediators since they recruit and activate neutrophil leukocytes. After introduction of tyrosines by substitution for other residues at the C terminus, GRO alpha and NAP-2

Blockade by nanomolar resveratrol of quantal catecholamine release in chromaffin cells.

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The cardiovascular protecting effects of resveratrol, an antioxidant polyphenol present in grapes and wine, have been attributed to its vasorelaxing effects and to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiplatelet actions. Inhibition of adrenal catecholamine release has also been recently

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