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Effects and Mechanisms of Vagal Nerve Stimulation on Body Weight in Diet-Induced Obese Rats.

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Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has recently been indicated as a novel method for treating obesity. However, the optimal stimulation parameters were unknown and mechanisms were poorly understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of VNS on food intake and body weight

Acute postprandial gastrointestinal and metabolic effects of wheat amylase inhibitor (WAI) in normal, obese, and diabetic humans.

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Amylase inhibition has gastrointestinal and metabolic effects that may aid in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. We tested whether 4 g of a commercially available wheat amylase inhibitor (WAI) affected postprandial carbohydrate (CHO) absorption and plasma glucose or hormones. Twelve persons

Passiflora edulis peel intake improves insulin sensitivity, increasing incretins and hypothalamic satietogenic neuropeptide in rats on a high-fat diet.

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OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effect of Passiflora edulis peel flour (PEPF) intake on hypothalamic neuropeptides messenger RNA expression, insulin sensitivity, and other metabolic parameters in Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet. METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were divided in

Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate metabolism after a mixed meal in healthy humans.

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In previous studies we found that in healthy subjects, 5 and 10 g of a partially purified amylase inhibitor delayed and decreased starch digestion and reduced postprandial plasma glucose after a starch meal but produced diarrhea in two of six and four of six subjects, respectively. Thus, we wondered

Brown adipose tissue is associated with systemic concentrations of peptides secreted from the gastrointestinal system and involved in appetite regulation.

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OBJECTIVE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been proposed as a potential therapeutic target against obesity and its related metabolic conditions. Data from studies in rodents support a cross talk between BAT and other distal tissues. The relation between BAT and peptide hormones secreted from the

A walnut-containing meal had similar effects on early satiety, CCK, and PYY, but attenuated the postprandial GLP-1 and insulin response compared to a nut-free control meal.

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Regular nut consumption is associated with lower adiposity and reduced weight gain in adulthood. Walnut feeding studies have observed minimal effect on body weight despite potential additional energy intake. Several mechanisms may explain why consuming nuts promotes weight control, including

Postnatal prebiotic fibre intake mitigates some detrimental metabolic outcomes of early overnutrition in rats.

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OBJECTIVE Overnutrition during early development has been linked to metabolic disease and obesity in adulthood. Interventions to ameliorate this metabolic malprogramming are needed. Our objective was to determine whether prebiotic fibre would reduce weight gain and improve satiety hormone profiles

Long-term persistence of hormonal adaptations to weight loss.

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BACKGROUND After weight loss, changes in the circulating levels of several peripheral hormones involved in the homeostatic regulation of body weight occur. Whether these changes are transient or persist over time may be important for an understanding of the reasons behind the high rate of weight

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