Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) is a key pathogen involved in the development and progression of acne inflammation. The numerous bioactive properties of wild bitter melon (WBM) leaf extract and their medicinal applications have been recognized for many years. In
Bougainvillea glabra is widely used in Nigeria for the treatment of inflammatory-related conditions, and as remedy for pain ailments.Considering the lack of scientific studies focused on chemical constituents and pharmacological activity of B. glabra