Geminiviruses constitute a family of plant viruses with characteristic twinned quasi-icosahedral virions and a small circular DNA genome. Geminiviruses, especially begomoviruses, cause substantial economic losses in tropical and subtropical regions globally. Geminiviruses use the host's
Lignin is a major component of certain plant cell walls. The enzymes and corresponding genes associated with the metabolic pathway leading to the production of this complex phenolic polymer have been studied for many years now and are relatively well characterized. The use of genetically modified