Male or female current or former smokers. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) >0.7. FVC >lower limit of normal (LLN). Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score = 0.

Male or female current or former smokers. FEV1/FVC >0.7. FVC >LLN. mMRC dyspnea score ≥1.

Male or female current or former smokers. FEV1/FVC ≤0.7. FEV1 >80% of predicted value. mMRC dyspnea score =0.

Male or female current or former smokers. FEV1/FVC ≤0.7. FEV1 >80% of predicted value. mMRC dyspnea score ≥1.

Copd

Respiratory Department; Hospital Clinico Universidad Catolica

Searching Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Onset

The Boundaries of Mild Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Searching Clinical COPD Onset

Emphysema will be quantitated using the percentage of low-attenuation units less than −950 Hounsfield units (HU) using open source software (www.Slicer.org).

Single-slice airway measurements will be collected in the apical bronchus of the right upper lobe and the right lower lobe posterior basal bronchus. Measurements will be performed in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th airway generation.

The cross-sectional area of the right thigh muscle will be measured at halfway between the pubic symphysis and the inferior condyle of the femur, in the surface area of the tissue with a density of 40 to 100 HU. This range of density corresponds to the density of muscle tissue.

Spirometry, single-breath DLCO, and plethysmographic lung volume assessment will be performed

Transthoracic stress echocardiography will be performed with a VIVID-7 echocardiography system and echo cardiac stress table, with electrical adjustable slope for an optimal position of the heart. Function in each segment of the left ventricle (LV) will be graded at rest and with stress as normal or hyperdynamic, hypokinetic, akinetic, dyskinetic, or aneurysmal. In addition to the evaluation of segmental function, the global LV response to stress be assessed. Diastolic function will be analysed at rest, and systolic function at rest and end exercise

A triaxial accelerometer will be used. This accelerometer measures activity counts and vector magnitude, energy expenditure, steps taken, physical activity intensity, subject position, and ambient light levels. We will retrieve, collect and study three physical activity (PA) outcomes: step count (i.e. movement); spent physical activity time per day (i.e., moderate or vigorous), and PA level (i.e., activity related energy expenditure).

A symptom-limited incremental cycle exercise test will be conducted to measure the maximal workload. A constant work rate cycle endurance test will be performed afterwards.

galium aparine/ניוון ביולוגיה

Searching Clinical Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Onset

המאגר השלם ביותר של צמחי מרפא המגובה על ידי המדע