100% shea nut oil extract with 75% triterpene esters. Daily dosage is three 750 mg soft gel capsules (2250 mg/per day) taken in the morning for 3 months

placebo which comprised 100% canola oil or starch mixed soybean oil

Hemophilia

Hemophilic Arthropathy

shea nut oil extract

Placebo

Hemophilia care and research center

Efficacy and Safety of Shea Nut Oil in Hemophilic Arthropathy

The pain intensity will be evaluated subjectively on a visual analogue scale (0-100mm).

C-telopeptide fragments of type II collagen (CTX-II) in urine is a measure of type II collagen degradation and a biological marker of arthropathy.

TNF-alpha are one of inflammatory mediators that increase following hemarthrosis in hemophilic mice. Plasma samples will tested by ELISA.

Synovial thickness (mm) by ultrasonography were evaluated from the lateral, middle, and medial aspects of the anterior suprapatellar recess

Power Doppler assessment of selected synovial sites is carried out with settings standardized to a pulse repetition frequency of 700 Hz. The intensity of the blood flow in the synovium is scored into 0 to 3 (0=No flag; 1 = 1 flag; 2 = 2-3 flags; 3=>3 flags) adapted from Klukowska and Melchiorre et al

The SF-36 is filled out taking into account the person's condition in the last one month and scores range from 0 to 100, with higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life.

The HJHS is a structured physical examination score evaluating the joint health in hemophilia patient. The score for each joint is the sum of the individual items including swelling, swelling duration, muscle atrophy, axial alignment, crepitus of motion, flexion loss & extension loss, joint pain and strength. A score of 20 suggests the worst possible damage/impairment in the evaluating joint.

alpha amyrine/osteoarthritis

Efficacy and Safety of Shea Nut Oil in Hemophilic Arthropathy

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