hypospadias/トウモロコシ

OBJECTIVE In fetal mice genital tubercles the ontogenetic expression of progesterone receptors and the effect of in utero estrogen and testosterone exposure were investigated. METHODS To evaluate ontogenetic progesterone receptor expression genital tubercles from untreated fetuses at gestational

OBJECTIVE The phytoestrogen (plant estrogen) genistein, present in soy products, is of interest because in utero exposure to genistein can cause hypospadias in our mouse model and maternal consumption of soy is prevalent in human populations. Another compound of interest is the fungicide

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanisms of hypospadias induced by in utero exposure to din-butyl phthalate (DBP). METHODS Timed-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 750 mg/kg of DBP by gavage from GD (gestation days) 13 to GD 18, whereas control group received corn oil. Genital tubercles (GTs)

OBJECTIVE The ontogeny of androgen receptor expression in male and female mouse genital tubercles, and the effects of in utero ethinyl estradiol exposure on androgen receptor mRNA expression in the hypospadias model were studied. METHODS Androgen receptor mRNA expression was measured in mouse

Previous studies have indicated that the androgen receptor antagonist, flutamide, can produce a suite of reproductive malformations in the male rat when orally administered daily on gestation days (GD) 12-21. The objective of this study was to investigate the gestation time dependence for the

OBJECTIVE Hypospadias is a developmental anomaly of the penis and urethra that can be steroid mediated. It is characterized by a urethral opening occurring below the normal location at the tip of the penis. The link between loratadine, the active ingredient in a common over-the-counter

Phthalates are known to elicit marked effects on the developing male reproductive tract as evidenced by hypospadias. Recently, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was postulated to play an essential role in the development of genital tubercles (GT), and TGF- beta1 was found to act as a

OBJECTIVE We examined the ontogenic and sex specific expression of estrogen receptor-alpha and beta in mouse genital tubercles and assessed the effects of in utero estrogen exposure on these parameters. METHODS Expression of the 2 genes was detected in mouse genital tubercles from fetuses collected

In order to study the effects of vertically transferred coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls on female reproductive development, female rat offspring from dams of Sprague-Dawley strain, which received daily oral administration of vehicle (corn oil) or 1 or 3 microg/kg of

In humans and rodents, exposure to hormonally active chemicals during sex differentiation can produce a wide range of abnormal sexual phenotypes including masculinized and defeminized females and feminized and demasculinized males. Although numerous "environmental estrogens," including pesticides,