3 結果
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains the leading cause of blindness in Americans of working age, and the majority of people with diabetes are expected to develop retinopathy, with as many as 10% developing sight-threatening retinopathy (proliferative retinopathy and/or center-involved macular edema)
Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a common cause of vision loss in patients with diabetes. The pathophysiology of DME is complex and likely multifactorial, where some of the most important features include the accumulation of advanced glycation end products, reactive oxygen species, protein kinase C
Retinal nonperfusion drives vision-threatening complications such as pathological neovascularization, which can lead to neovascular glaucoma, vitreous hemorrhage, or tractional retinal detachments and macular edema in various retinal vascular diseases including diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein