mandragora officinarum/鎮痛剤

The knowledge of analgesic remedies, sleeping drugs, and narcotics is well attested by numerous prescriptions in the medical literature since the early Middle Ages. The variety of analgesic remedies and the preferred use of particular plants (such as mandrake, henbane, and poppy) is just as

Grafting is an important concept in the study of Pliny the Elder, who is a compiler of written sources. We intend to examine how this grafting works in Pliny's discussion of analgesic and narcotic plants, especially the most famous: opium poppy, henbane, mandrake, and hound's berry. We will study

The pharmacological treatment of pain has very ancient origins, when plant-derived products were used, including mandrake extracts and opium, a dried latex obtained from Papaver somniferum. In the XVI and XVII centuries opium came into the preparation of two compounds widely used for pain relief:

Drugs with psychedelic, hypnotic, narcotic, analgesic, suppressive, euphoric and stimulating effects were used in various ways during the ancient times. We can classify drug use in ancient times into two main categories. On the one hand, ancient physicians prescribed drugs based on their

OBJECTIVE To analyse the historical development of morphine for postoperative analgesia and how this development was shaped by the evolution of anesthetic techniques. METHODS After a systematic review of the literature, information was gathered from primary sources. RESULTS In ancient medicine, some