risperidone, dosage form: 1 mg, dosage and frequency:3.0~6.0 mg/d; clozapine, dosage and frequency:300~600 mg/d; duration: 8 weeks

aripiprazole, dosage form: 5 mg, dosage and frequency:15~30 mg/day; clozapine, dosage and frequency:300~600 mg/d; duration: 8 weeks

sodium valproate, dosage form: 250 mg, dosage and frequency:600~1200 mg/day; clozapine, dosage and frequency:300~600 mg/d; duration: 3 months.

only clozapine, dosage and frequency:300~600 mg/d;

10 times MECT for 4 weeks, if the PANSS reductive ratio is less 20% in the end of 8th week by the using of risperidone with clozapine, aripiprazole with clozapine, sodium valproate with clozapine, or clozapine.

10 times MST for 4 weeks, if the PANSS reductive ratio is less 20% in the end of 8th week by the using of risperidone with clozapine, aripiprazole with clozapine, sodium valproate with clozapine, or clozapine.

Schizophrenia

Risperidone may be used as a synergistic agent of clozapine in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Risperidone with Clozapine

Aripiprazole may be used as a synergistic agent of clozapine in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Aripiprazole with Clozapine

sodium valproate may be used as a synergistic agent of clozapine in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

sodium valproate with Clozapine

modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT) may be used as a synergistic agent of clozapine in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

modified electroconvulsive therapy(MECT) with Clozapine

Magnetic seizure therapy(MST) may be used as a synergistic agent of clozapine in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

Magnetic seizure therapy(MST) with Clozapine

clozapine may be used in the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

clozapine

DTliu

The Optimal Treatment for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia

Shanghai Mental Health Center

aripiprazole monotherapy, begun at 2.5 mg or 5.0 mg based on clinical impression and severity of aggression and agitation. Dose to be adjusted in not more than 5 mg increments, weekly. The lowest effective dose will be used up to a maximum daily dose of 20 mg.

Aripiprazole

Gender

Region of Enrollment

The Clinical Global Impression - Improvement scale (CGI-I) is a 7 point scale that requires the clinician to evaluate how much the patient's illness has improved or worsened compared to their baseline condition at the beginning of the intervention. The ratings are evaluated as: 1, very much improved; 2, much improved; 3, minimally improved; 4, no change; 5, minimally worse; 6, much worse; or 7, very much worse.

Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement

Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) The ABC is a 58 item symptom checklist for assessing problem behaviors in individuals ages 6 to 54 with mental retardation. Items are rated on a 4-point scale (0=no problem to 3=severe problem). A decrease in score indicates improvement.
There are five subscales: a) Irritability and Agitation b) Lethargy and Social Withdrawal c) Stereotypic Behavior d) Hyperactivity and Noncompliance and e) Inappropriate Speech.This study uses the Irritability subscale for its outcome. The Irritability subscale is the sum of 15 items. Each item is rated using the scale: 0 = Not at all; 1 = Slight in degree; 2 = Moderately serious; and 3 = Severe in degree. The Irritability subscale total score ranges from 0 to 45. A decrease in score over time indicates improvement.

Aberrant Behavior Checklist-Irritability Subscale

10-item assessment of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients less than 18 years of age. There are 5 items pertaining to compulsions rate symptoms (time spent, interference with functioning, distress, resistance, control) on a 5-point scale ( from 0=no symptoms/minimum severity, to 4=extreme symptoms/maximum severity). Total is the sum of 10 items. The range of possible totals is 0 (no symptoms) to 40 (severe). A decrease in value indicates improvement.

Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS)

The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children is a 21-item rating scale to evaluate psychiatric problems based on the clinician' s interview with the child/adolescent and parents. It has 7 scales: behavioral problems, depression, thought disorders, psychomotor excitation, withdrawal-retardation, anxiety, organicity. Ratings are based on a 7 point scale, from "Not Present" (scores 0) to "Extremely Severe" (scores 6 points). Total is the sum of the 21 items. The range of possible totals is 0 (no symptoms) to 126 (extremely severe).A decrease in score indicates improvement.

Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale for Children (BPRS-C)

aripiprazole monotherapy
Aripiprazole will be started at 2.5 or 5mg depending on clinical impression and severity of aggression and agitation. The dose will be evaluated weekly, according to clinical impression and adjusted if deemed appropriate, in not more than 5mg increments . The lowest effective dose will be used.

opc/癲癇性発作

The Optimal Treatment for Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia

An Open-Label Trial of Aripiprazole in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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