Cytokines released by inflammatory cells around the pancreatic islets are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Specifically, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is known to be involved in islet β-cell damage by activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-mediated inducible nitric oxide synthase
Introduction: Leptin is known to regulate pathways of energy metabolism, reproduction, and control appetite. Whether plasma leptin levels reflect changes in metabolites of these pathways is unknown.