tantalum/headache

In 1948, ophthalmologists started implanting plastic spheres partially covered with tantalum mesh (eg, the Valley Forge Implant) in anophthalmic sockets. Numerous patients have developed complications ten to 15 years after surgery: pain ("pinching" or "deep"), headache, heavy mucopurulent discharge

Arteriovenous malformations are direct communications between the arterial and venous circulations without the usual passage through the capillary net. They are the most frequent type of malformations of the intracranial circulation and the second most frequent cause of intracranial hematomas or

OBJECTIVE To investigate whether gravitational valves reduce the risk of overdrainage complications compared with programmable valves in ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). BACKGROUND Patients with iNPH may benefit from VP shunting but are