The effects on pilocarpine-induced saliva secretion by a hot aqueous extract of Byakko-ka-ninjin-to (BN), its constituents, rhizomes of Anemarrhena asphodeloides, three saponins (pseudoproto-timosaponin-AIII (An-S-1), proto-timosaponin-AIII (An-S-2) and timosaponin-AIII (An-S-3)) and calcium were