Ten healthy control subjects presented with clinically healthy periodontium. Control subjects had to meet the following criteria for inclusion: probing depth less than 3mm, no clinical attachment loss, no bleeding on probing, with Gingival and Plaque index 0-1.

Ten patients who had plaque induced gingivitis characterized by the presence of any of the following clinical signs: redness and edema of the gingival tissue, bleeding upon provocation, changes in contour and consistency, presence of calculus and/or plaque, with no clinical attachment loss nor radiographic evidence of bone loss.

Ten chronic moderate to severe periodontitis patients selected according to the criteria currently adopted by Armitage 1999. Moderate destruction is generally characterized by periodontal probing depths up to 6 mm with clinical attachment loss of up to 4 mm. Advanced destruction is generally characterized by periodontal probing depths greater than 6 mm with attachment loss greater than 4 mm. Radiographic evidence of bone loss is apparent, Increased tooth mobility may be present.

Ten patients suffering generalized aggressive periodontitis, patients were less than 35 years of age and had generalized interproximal attachment loss affecting at least 3 permanent teeth other than the first molars and incisors with at least one site each with PD and CAL >5 mm, Attachment loss occurs in pronounced episodic periods of destruction, and there is familial aggregation (subjects were asked if they had at least one other member of the family presenting or with a history of periodontal diseases).

Chronic Periodontitis

Aggressive Periodontitis

Estimation of Pentrexin-3 Levels in GCF and Saliva of Patients With Periodontal Disease

Assessment of Pentraxin-3 Levels in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Periodontal Health and Disease

Oral hygiene status of the patients were recorded using the plaque index of Silness & Lӧe (1964)

Performed using the gingival index of Lӧe (1967)

The depths of the periodontal pockets were measured as the distance from the gingival margin to the base of the pocket using periodontal probe with William's graduation.

Clinical attachment levels were measured as the distance from the CEJ to the base of the pocket using William's graduated periodontal probe.

Noha Ayman Ghallab

Professor of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.

Cairo University

Patients diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), in which the previously selected intrabony defect will receive will receive open flap debridement.

Patients with a diagnosis of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP), in which the previously selected intrabony defect will receive open flap debridement and, in addition, application of the EMD in the defect.

Patients with a diagnosis of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP), in which the previously selected intrabony defect will receive open flap debridement and, in addition, application of the EMD in the defect.

EMD is composed of different proteins, 90% of which are amelogenins, which has the capacity to induce processes involved in the regeneration of periodontal tissues in a manner similar to normal tissue development (48). Several clinical and animal model studies have demonstrated the use of enamel matrix-derived proteins in regenerative periodontal procedures for the formation of a new periodontium.

Enamel Matrix Proteins

After administration of local anesthetics, full-thickness flaps will be raised in order to access all defect faces. Sulcular incisions will be performed extending to mesial and distal adjacent teeth, including the entire papilla in the flap. No relaxing incisions will be performed. All granulation tissue will then be carefully removed, and subsequently scaling and root planing will be performed. The surgical area will be irrigated with 0.9% saline and carefully inspected to ensure that all steps have been satisfactorily performed until then.

Open Flap Debridement

Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas

Enamel Matrix Proteins in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Patients With Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis

Enamel Matrix Proteins in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Patients With Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Clinical Trial

Enilson Antonio Sallum

Professor Enilson Antonio Sallum

University of Campinas, Brazil

24 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation

28 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation

24 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
SmartMouth Clinical DDS Advanced Oral Rinse

Group 1 SmartMouth

28 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
0.12% chlorhexidine rinse

Group 2 Chlorhexidine

28 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
Placebo rinse

Group 3 Placebo

Total

Sex: Female, Male

Race and Ethnicity Not Collected

Region of Enrollment

Gingival Index scores gingival inflammation from 0 (normal gingiva) to 3 (severe inflammation).

Gingival Index

Bleeding Score is determined by adding the number of bleeding sites and dividing by the number of teeth to assess gingival inflammation. A higher score indicates more bleeding and inflammation (worse outcome).

Bleeding Score

Plaque Index scores plaque accumulation from 0 (no plaque) to 5 (plaque covering 2/3 of surface or more).

Plaque Index

Tooth Stain Index scores are taken on the facial surfaces of the 8 incisor teeth. Each incisor is scored for stain area on a scale of 0 (no stain) to 3 (greater than 2/3 of surface). The sum of the scores is used as the subject's stain score. The higher the score, the greater the amount of tooth stain (worse outcome). The minimum score for a subject is "0" and the maximum score for a subject is "24" (worse outcome).

Tooth Stain Index

Calculus Index scores the amount of calculus accumulation by adding surfaces from the lingual of the mandibular anterior teeth.

Calculus Index

Gingival Index scores gingival inflammation from 0 (healthy) to 3 (severe inflammation). The higher the score, the greater the gingival inflammation (worse outcome). Differences were assessed between treatment groups for changes in values from baseline to 6 weeks. If data were normally distributed, the paired t test was used to assess changes; otherwise the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.

23 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
SmartMouth Clinical DDS Advanced Oral Rinse

26 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
0.12% chlorhexidine rinse

27 subjects with plaque and gingival inflammation
Placebo rinse

Calculus Index scores the amount of calculus accumulation by adding surfaces from the lingual of the mandibular anterior teeth. The higher the score, the worse the calculus accumulation. Differences were assessed between treatment groups for changes in values from baseline to 6 weeks. If data were normally distributed, the paired t test was used to assess changes; otherwise the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.

Tooth Stain Index scores the amount of tooth stain from 0 (no stain) to 3 (greater than 2/3 of surface). The higher the score, the worse the staining. Differences were assessed between treatment groups for changes in values from baseline to 6 weeks. If data were normally distributed, the paired t test was used to assess changes; otherwise the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used. The score (0-3) for each tooth are summed for the total score. The 8 incisor teeth are scored. The minimum score for a subject is "0" and the maximum score for a subject is "24" (worse outcome).

Plaque Index scores plaque accumulation from 0 (no plaque) to 5 (plaque covering 2/3 of surface or more). The higher the score, the more plaque accumulation (worse outcome). Differences were assessed between treatment groups for changes in values from baseline to 6 weeks. If data were normally distributed, the paired t test was used to assess changes; otherwise the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.

Bleeding Score is determined by adding the number of bleeding sites and dividing by the number of teeth to assess gingival inflammation. The higher the score, the worse the inflammation. Differences were assessed between treatment groups for changes in values from baseline to 6 weeks. If data were normally distributed, the paired t test was used to assess changes; otherwise the Wilcoxon signed rank test was used.

Overall Study

D. Douglas Miley

Gingivitis

Periodontitis

Subjects use SmartMouth Clinical DDS mouth rinse for six weeks.

SmartMouth Clinical DDS mouthrinse

Subjects use chlorhexidine mouth rinse for six weeks.

0.12% chlorhexidine rinse

Subjects use placebo mouth rinse for six weeks. The placebo rinse is the same as SmartMouth Clinical DDS, but without the active ingredients.

chronic periodontitis/edema

Estimation of Pentrexin-3 Levels in GCF and Saliva of Patients With Periodontal Disease

Enamel Matrix Proteins in the Treatment of Intrabony Defects in Patients With Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis

SmartMouth Advanced Clinical Formula Clinical Research Design Protocol

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