Control meal. The bread and mayonnaise in this meal does not have vegetable powders incorporated into them, hence this meal does not contain carotenoids

A vegetable powder (carrot and tomato) containing bread portion will be served alone. The amount of vegetable powder in the bread will be standardised to contain a known amount of carotenoids

A vegetable powder (carrot and tomato) containing bread portion will be served with plain mayonnaise. The amount of vegetable powder in the bread will be standardised to contain a known amount of carotenoids.

Plain bread will be served with a vegetable powder (carrot and tomato) containing mayonnaise. The amount of vegetable powder in the mayonnaise will be standardised to contain a known amount of carotenoids.

Cardiovascular Disease

The bread and mayonnaise in this meal does not have vegetable powders incorporated into them. Hence this meal does not contain carotenoids.

Control

A vegetable powder (carrot and tomato) containing bread portion will be served alone. The amount of vegetable powder in the bread portion will be standardised to contain a known amount of carotenoids.

Vegetable bread only

Plain bread with vegetable mayonnaise

A vegetable powder (Carrot and tomato) containing bread portion will be served with plain mayonnaise. The amount of vegetable powder in the bread portion will be standardised to contain a known amount of carotenoids

Vegetable bread with plain mayonnaise

Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, Human Nutrition Unit

Bioavailability of Carotenoids Added Into Processed Foods

Bioavailability of Carotenoids Incorporated Into Processed Foods: Bread and Mayonnaise

Carotenoids in plasma and in the chylomicron-rich fraction will be measured using reverse-phase HPLC

Carotenoids in urine will be measured using reverse-phase HPLC

Plasma retinol and retinyl ester concentrations will be measured using reverse-phase HPLC

Plasma cholesterol concentrations will be measured using reverse-phase HPLC

Measured using 100mm continuous-line visual analogue scales anchored at each end with opposing answers to satiety and palatability related questions

University of Aberdeen

Subjects will consume broccoli or Brussels sprouts (40g daily) for 8 weeks.

Subjects will take Cruciferous CompleteTM supplements (2 capsules, 3 times daily) for 8 weeks.

Subjects will take placebo capsules (2 capsules, 3 times daily) for 8 weeks.

Dietary Modification

Broccoli and Brussels Sprouts

Cruciferous Complete

Placebo

University of Wisconsin Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program Clinic

Green Vegetables and Women's Health

Effect of Cruciferous Vegetables or a Cruciferous Supplement on Urinary Estrogen Metabolites in Premenopausal Women

Urinary 2:16 ratios between treatment groups.

Urinary concentrations of 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1) and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4OHE2) between treatment groups.

Association between body composition, urinary 2:16 ratio, and urinary 4OHE metabolites.

Change in the urinary 2:16 ratio over 8 weeks in the placebo group.

Correlation between serum α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein and lycopene and dietary intake.

Correlation between serum carotenoids and body composition.

Association between dietary intake, urinary 2:16 ratio, and urinary 4OHE metabolites.

University of Wisconsin, Madison

Standard Process Inc.

Cardiovascular Diseases

Heart Diseases

Atherosclerosis

Coronary Arteriosclerosis

Epidemiology: Oxidative Stress and Early Atherosclerosis

Events are ascertained in annual direct contact with the participant. Medical records are obtained and adjudicated for event status.

Various subclinical measures are performed, including cardiac echocardiography and coronary computed tomography

cryptoxanthin/vėžys

Bioavailability of Carotenoids Added Into Processed Foods

Green Vegetables and Women's Health

Epidemiology: Oxidative Stress and Early Atherosclerosis

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