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Puslapis 1 nuo 18 rezultatus
Galanin microinjection into the PreBötzinger or the Bötzinger Complex terminates central inspiratory activity and reduces responses to hypoxia and hypercapnia in rat.
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Respiratory rhythm is generated and shaped by the synaptic interaction of neurons in the Bötzinger Complex (BötC) and PreBötzinger Complex (PreBötC) located in the ventral respiratory column of the medulla. Metabotropic receptors are important modulators of fast neurotransmission in the generation
Perinatal nicotine attenuates the hypoxia-induced up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and galanin mRNA in locus ceruleus of the newborn mouse.
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The effect of perinatal nicotine exposure on the hypoxic response in the newborn mouse was examined, with special reference to the catecholaminergic system. We studied transcripts for the catecholamine synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and the neuropeptide galanin (GAL) in locus ceruleus
Galanin protects hippocampal neurons from the functional effects of anoxia.
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In the carotid body, galanin is a signal for neurogenesis in young, and for neurodegeneration in the old and in drug-addicted subjects.
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The carotid body is a highly specialized chemoreceptive structure for the detection of and reaction to hypoxia, through induction of an increase in hypoxia inducible factor. As tissue hypoxia increases with aging and can have dramatic effects in respiratory depression induced by drug addiction, we
Galanin reduces release of endogenous excitatory amino acids in the rat hippocampus.
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Galanin is a 29-amino acid peptide widely distributed in the central nervous system where it modulates the release of several neurotransmitters and neurohormones. Because previous data had postulated that galanin could inhibit the release of excitatory amino acids and protect hippocampal neurons
Up-regulation of POMC and CART mRNAs by intermittent hypoxia via GATA transcription factors in human neuronal cells.
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Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. SAS and obesity are strongly related to each other. Here, we investigated the effect of IH on the expression of major appetite regulatory genes in human neuronal cells. We exposed NB-1, SH-SY5Y, and SK-N-SH human
The influence of the neuropeptide galanin on the contractility and the effective refractory period of guinea-pig heart papillary muscle under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
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The aim of this study was to discover the effects of galanin, a neuropeptide comprising 29 amino acids capable of activating inward-rectifier K+ channels (IK1) in cardiomyocytes, on the force of contraction (Fc), velocity of contraction (+dF/dt), velocity of relaxation (-dF/dt) and effective
Galanin microinjection into rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat is hypotensive and attenuates sympathetic chemoreflex.
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Galanin is present in neurons in the brain that are important in the control of arterial pressure, and intracisternal administration of galanin evokes hypotension, but the site of action is unknown. In urethane-anesthetized, vagotomized mechanically ventilated Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 34), we
Galanin and Glibenclamide Modulate the Anoxic Release of Glutamate in Rat CA3 Hippocampal Neurons.
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The effects of brief anoxic episodes on intracellularly recorded CA3 pyramidal neurons have been studied in the hippocampal slice preparation. Anoxia induced a depolarization occasionally preceded by a transient hyperpolarization associated with a fall in input resistance. The anoxic depolarization
Brainstem galanin-synthesizing neurons are differentially activated by chemoreceptor stimuli and represent a subpopulation of respiratory neurons.
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The ventrolateral medulla oblongata (VLM) of the brainstem contains neurochemically heterogeneous neurons that have a critical role in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation. Previous anatomical studies have shown the existence of galanin immunoreactivity in the medulla oblongata, but a detailed
Different effects of prolonged isocapnic hypoxia on the carotid body and the glomus cells in the wall of the common carotid artery of the chicken.
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In the chicken, glomus cells are widely distributed not only in the carotid body but also in the wall of the common carotid artery and around each artery arising from the common carotid artery. Effects of chronic isocapnic hypoxia on the chicken carotid body and the glomus cells in and around the
Selective Expression of Galanin in Neuronal-Like Cells of the Human Carotid Body.
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The carotid body is a neural-crest-derived organ devoted to respiratory homeostasis through sensing changes in blood oxygen levels. The sensory units are the glomeruli composed of clusters of neuronal-like (type I) cells surrounded by glial-like (type II) cells. During chronic hypoxia, the carotid
Cardioprotective properties of N-terminal galanin fragment (2-15) in experimental ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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UNASSIGNED
Galanin is an endogenous peptide involved in diverse physiological functions in the central nervous system including central cardiovascular regulation. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential effects of the short N-terminal galanin fragment 2-15 (G) on cardiac
Carotid body and glomus cells distributed in the wall of the common carotid artery in the bird.
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In the bird the carotid body is located between the distal (nodose) ganglion of the vagus nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve at the beginning of the common carotid artery, that is, the organ is located at the cervicothoracic border. The chicken carotid body receives numerous branches from the
Trophic factors in the carotid body.
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The aim of the present study is to provide a review of the expression and action of trophic factors in the carotid body. In glomic type I cells, the following factors have been identified: brain-derived neurotrophic factor, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor, artemin, ciliary neurotrophic
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