All subjects were instructed to rinse once a day, in the morning, with 15 ml solution for 60 seconds, after which they expectorated. Subsequent rinsing with water was not allowed.

Halitosis

0.05%chlorhexidine mouthwash

0.05% sodium fluoride mouthwash

alcohol free essential oils mouthwash

Placebo

University of L'Aquila, Division of Periodontology

Effect of Single Rinsing With Three Different Types of Mouthwash on VSC Levels in Morning Breath

"Effect of Single Rinsing With Three Different Types of Mouthwash on VSC Levels in Morning Breath; Randomized Clinical Trial, Double-blind Cross-sectional Study"

The detection of halitosis with gas chromatography, which allows to obtain the exact values of VSCs present in the exhaled air, was performed trough the OralChroma. For the practical test, patients were asked to breathe through the nose for a couple of minutes, after inserting a 10 ml disposable syringe deprived of the needle in the oral cavity

Enrico Marchetti

Adjunct Professor

University of L'Aquila

Scaling and root planing (SRP) (n=15): the traditional mechanical periodontal therapy consisting of quadrant-wise (30 min. per quadrant) scaling and root planning performed at weekly sessions (one or two weeks of interval between session) and completed within 2 months.

Full mouth scaling (FMS) (n=15): the alternative mechanical periodontal therapy consisting of full-mouth scaling and root planning completed in a single stage within 24 hours; i.e two sessions (60 min. per session) in two consecutive days.

Periodontal Disease

Periodontitis

Scaling and Root Planing (n=15): quadrant-wise scaling and root planing performed within four weekly session (30 min. per quadrant).
Oral malodor was measured by organoleptic test and Oral Chroma (Abilit, Osaka Japan) prior to the oral examination, at Baseline and also at 90 days after treatment. Clinical monitoring and tongue coating index were taken at these same times.
Oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants.

Scaling and Root Planning (SRP)

Full Mouth Scaling (n=15): scaling and root planning was performed in a single stage (within 24 hours); two sessions (60 min. per session) in two consecutive days.
Oral malodor was measured by organoleptic test and Oral Chroma (Abilit, Osaka Japan) prior to the oral examination, at Baseline and also at 90 days after treatment. Clinical monitoring and tongue coating index were taken at these same times.
Oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants.

Full Mouth Scaling (FMS)

"Study of Halitosis in Patients With Advanced Chronic Periodontitis"

Effect Off Full Mouth Disinfection And Scaling Root Planing Per Quadrant In Halitosis in Patients With Advanced Chronic Periodontitis: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Reduction in the number of patients with halitosis and improvement regarding halitosis severity

Gain of clinical attachment levels (mean values)

Juliana Oliveira da Silveira

Federal University of Minas Gerais

PDT wavelength = 660 nm Fluency = 320 J/cm2 Power = 100 milliwatt Energy = 9 J Time = 90 s

Tongue scraper + PDT wavelength = 660 nm Fluency = 320 J/cm2 Power = 100 milliwatt Energy = 9 J Time = 90 s

PDT wavelength = 660 nm Fluency = 428 J/cm2 Power = 100 milliwatt Energy = 12 J Time = 120 s

Tongue scraper + PDT wavelength = 660 nm Fluency = 428 J/cm2 Power = 100 milliwatt Energy = 12 J Time = 120 s

A single session of PDT will be performed with the Chimiolux® photosensitizer at a concentration of 0.005% applied over the middle and posterior thirds of the dorsum of the tongue.
Nine points will be irradiated, the device will be previously calibrated with a wavelength of 660 nm, power of 100 mW, energy of 9 joules for 90 seconds per point in Groups 2 and 4 and 12 joules for 120 second per point in Groups 3 and 5

The pacient will scrap the tongue 10 times.

Tongue Scraper

Universidade Nove de Julho

Photodynamic Therapy in Adolescents Halitosis

Photodynamic Therapy as Novel Treatment for Halitosis in Adolescents: Crontolled Clinical Trial

It will be compare de score of voalitile sulfur compounds in parts per billion (ppb) of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH3).

Microbiological analyses of coated tongue will be performed before and after treatment using a 1-μl inoculation loop for the collection of biofilm samples from the dorsum of the tongue. The samples will be transferred to 1.5-ml vials with reduced transport fluid and placed in a vortex mixer for approximately 30 seconds for homogenization. Ten-fold serial dilution will be prepared in 180 μl of sterile phosphate buffered saline and aliquots of 10-2, 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 will be transferred to plates with brain heart infusion agar. As the main bacteria responsible for the production of VSCs are Gram-negative, the plates will be incubated in anaerobic jar for 72 h at 37 °C, following by the quantification of colony-forming units (CFUs)

methyl mercaptan/halitosis

Effect of Single Rinsing With Three Different Types of Mouthwash on VSC Levels in Morning Breath

"Study of Halitosis in Patients With Advanced Chronic Periodontitis"

Photodynamic Therapy in Adolescents Halitosis

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