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Modified glucagon test allowing simultaneous estimation of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity: application to obesity, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

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The aim of this study was to describe an adaptation of the glucagon test allowing the simultaneous characterization of insulin secretion and sensitivity. A glucagon test (1 mg/m2) was performed in healthy subjects (n = 11), obese patients (n = 5), insulin-dependent diabetics (n = 9), nonobese

Effects of metformin treatment on erythrocyte insulin binding in normal weight subjects, in obese non diabetic subjects, in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients.

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We have evaluated the effects of metformin administration on erythrocyte insulin receptors in 21 subjects: 5 normal weight subjects, 5 obese non diabetics, 5 insulin-dependent diabetics (Type I) and 6 obese non insulin-dependent (Type II) diabetics. Plasma glucose, plasma insulin and erythrocyte

Basal plasma levels of insulin, leptin, ghrelin, and amylin do not signal adiposity in rats recovering from forced overweight.

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This study examined how adiposity signals are related to adiposity during recovery from forced overweight (OW). Rats were rendered OW by chronic intragastric overfeeding (OW). Overfeeding was stopped when OW rats reached 126-129% of saline-infused normal-weight (NW) rats. Adipose tissue (AT) mass

[Effects of exercise and resveratrol on retinol binding protein 4, blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in aged obese rats].

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OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of exercise and resveratrol on retinol binding protein 4( RBP4) mRNA and protein expression in visceral adipose tissue, plasma RBP4 concentration and blood glucose and insulin sensitivity of aged obese rats. METHODS To establish elderly obese SD rat model, 6 aged

Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern in visceral adipose tissue differentiates insulin-resistant from insulin-sensitive obese subjects.

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Elucidating the potential mechanisms involved in the detrimental effect of excess body weight on insulin action is an important priority in counteracting obesity-associated diseases. The present study aimed to disentangle the epigenetic basis of insulin resistance by performing a genome-wide

Role of ethnicity in overweight and obese patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

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The role of ethnicity in determining disease severity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) remains unclear. We recruited 152 patients with biopsy-proven NASH, 63% of whom were Hispanic and 37% of whom were Caucasian. Both groups were well matched for age, sex, and total body fat. We measured: (1)

Glucose, insulin and somatostatin infusion for the determination of insulin sensitivity.

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Glucose, insulin and somatostatin infusion over 2 hours effectively suppressed endogenous secretion of insulin, glucagon and growth hormones. Steady state plasma glucose level (SSPG) which should be inversely proportional to insulin sensitivity was obtained. In 6 adult-onset non-obese untreated

Leucine assimilation in patients with diabetes mellitus.

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To estimate leucine metabolism in patients with absolute or relative insulin deficiency, elimination of an iv leucine load (50 mg/kg) was determined in 5 insulin-dependent diabetics, in obese (n = 5) as well as in ideal weight maturity onset diabetics (n = 5). Following leucine administration a

Insulin-like growth factor-I in non-insulin-dependent diabetic monkeys: basal plasma concentrations and metabolic effects of exogenously administered biosynthetic hormone.

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Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations and the effects of exogenous IGF-I administration were determined in 26 rhesus monkeys; each animal was well characterized regarding its degree of obesity, plasma glucose and insulin levels, and glucose tolerance (KG). Five separate groups

Glucose production, gluconeogenesis, and insulin sensitivity in children and adolescents: an evaluation of their reproducibility.

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The prevalence of overweight and obese children has doubled, and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children (0-19 y) has increased 4-fold during the past several decades. As a result we can anticipate an increased number of metabolic studies in children. There are few data on measures of glucose

Insulin decreases circulating vitamin E levels in humans.

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Both hyperinsulinemia and free oxygen radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but the relationship between insulin levels or insulin action and the oxidant/antioxidant balance has not been explored. We measured the effect of physiologic hyperinsulinemia on plasma

Male-to-female excess in diabetes diagnosed in early adulthood is not specific for the immune-mediated form nor is it HLA-DQ restricted: possible relation to increased body mass index.

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AIMS/HYPOTHESIS. We investigated whether the reported HLA-DQ/DR restricted male-to-female (M:F) excess in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus also exists in Belgian patients, is specific for immune-mediated diabetes, remains genotype-restricted after adjustment for age at diagnosis, and is

Plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-I is associated with plasma leptin irrespective of body mass index, body fat mass, and plasma insulin and metabolic parameters in premenopausal women.

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Leptin, the satiety hormone expressed almost exclusively in adipose tissue, is a marker of body fat accumulation in humans. Recent studies have shown that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a prothrombotic factor associated with atherosclerosis complications, is also produced in adipose

Cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in middle-aged diabetics.

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Serum lipoproteins, bile and kinetics and net steroid balance were studied in 22 diet-treated and 5 insulin-treated patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, in 6 patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and in 15 normoglycemic controls. All subjects were middle-aged and the

Differential effects of arginine on growth hormone releasing hormone and insulin induced growth hormone secretion.

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OBJECTIVE We wished to investigate the interaction of arginine, GHRH and insulin stress on GH secretion. METHODS Six healthy, non-obese volunteers underwent seven separate studes in random order. They received (1) insulin alone at 0 minutes; (2) GHRH alone at 15 minutes; (3) arginine alone at 0-30

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