Lappuse 1 no 26 rezultātiem
New activity-based probes are essential for expanding studies on the hundreds of serine and cysteine proteases encoded by the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. To monitor protease activities in plant extracts, we generated biotinylated peptides containing a beta-lactone reactive group. These probes
It is now well established that sphingoid Long Chain Bases (LCBs) are crucial mediators of programmed cell death. In plants, the mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB1) produced by the necrotrophic fungus Fusarium moniliforme disrupts the sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway by inhibiting the ceramide synthase
The genome of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana encodes three paralogues of the papain-like cysteine proteinase cathepsin B (AtCathB1, AtCathB2 and AtCathB3), whose individual functions are still largely unknown. Here we show that a mutated splice site causes severe truncations of the AtCathB1
Phytochelatin (PC) synthases are gamma-glutamylcysteine (gamma-Glu-Cys) dipeptidyl transpeptidases that catalyze the synthesis of heavy metal-binding PCs, (gamma-Glu-Cys)nGly polymers, from glutathione (GSH) and/or shorter chain PCs. Here it is shown through investigations of the enzyme from
In plants, cysteine protease inhibitors are involved in the regulation of protein turnover and play an important role in resistance against insects and pathogens. AtCYS1 from Arabidopsis thaliana encodes a protein of 102 amino acids that contains the conserved motif of cysteine protease inhibitors
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43 HbPLCPs representing nine subfamilies or 20 orthologous groups were found in rubber, where paralogs were resulted from the recent WGD and local duplication. Several senescence-associated genes were also identified. Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) comprise a large family of
Papain-like cysteine proteases (PLCPs) are a class of proteolytic enzymes involved in many plant processes. Compared with the extensive research in Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known in castor bean (Ricinus communis) and physic nut (Jatropha curcas), two Euphorbiaceous plants without any recent
Two cysteine proteinase inhibitors (cystatins) from Arabidopsis thaliana, designated AtCYSa and AtCYSb, were characterized. Recombinant GST-AtCYSa and GST-AtCYSb were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. They inhibit the catalytic activity of papain, which is generally taken as evidence for
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a prerequisite for successful development and it limits the spread of biotrophic pathogens in a rapid hypersensitive response at the site of infection. KDEL-tailed cysteine endopeptidases (KDEL CysEP) are a subgroup of papain-type cysteine endopeptidases expressed in
RD21-like proteases are ubiquitous, plant-specific papain-like proteases typified by carrying a C-terminal granulin domain. RD21-like proteases are involved in immunity and associated with senescence and various types of biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we interrogated Arabidopsis RD21 regulation
Plants have evolved an intricate regulatory network of proteases and corresponding protease inhibitors (PI), which operate in various biological pathways and serve diverse spatiotemporal functions during the sedentary life of a plant. Intricacy of the regulatory network can be anticipated from the
The Arabidopsis thaliana genome has over 550 protease sequences representing all five catalytic types: serine, cysteine, aspartic acid, metallo and threonine (MEROPS peptidase database, http://merops.sanger.ac.uk/), which probably reflect a wide variety of as yet unidentified functions performed by
Senescence is the final stage of plant development. Although expression of most of the genes is suppressed during senescence, a set of genes referred as senescence-associated genes (SAGs) is induced. Arabidopsis thaliana SAG12 (AtSAG12) is one such gene that has been mostly studied for its strict
We obtained two cDNA clones encoding corn seed cysteine proteinases (CCP1 and CCP2). Sequence analysis showed that CCP1 consists of 371 amino acid residues, in a prepro-protein form, with two unique short insertions in the mature protein region that are not found in papain or other common CPs. CCP2
Plants mount defense responses during pathogen attacks, and robust host defense suppression by pathogen effector proteins is essential for infection success. 4E02 is an effector of the sugar beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii. Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing the effector-coding sequence