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Pharmacoeconomic Review Report: Telotristat Ethyl (Xermelo): (Ipsen Biopharmaceuticals Canada Inc.): Indication: Refractory carcinoid syndrome diarrhea, in combination with somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy, in patients inadequately controlled by SSA therapy alone
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Telotristat ethyl (Xermelo) is a tryptophan hydrolase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of refractory carcinoid syndrome diarrhea, in combination with somatostatin analogue (SSA) therapy, in patients whose condition is inadequately controlled by SSA therapy alone. Carcinoid syndrome occurs in
Assignment of the locus for congenital lactase deficiency to 2q21, in the vicinity of but separate from the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase gene.
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Congenital lactase deficiency (CLD) is an autosomal recessive, gastrointestinal disorder characterized by watery diarrhea starting during the first 1-10 d of life, in infants fed lactose-containing milks. Since 1966, 42 patients have been diagnosed in Finland. CLD is the most severe form of lactase
Enhanced sensitivity to cholera toxin in ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase-deficient mice.
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Cholera toxin (CT) produced by Vibrio cholerae causes the devastating diarrhea of cholera by catalyzing the ADP-ribosylation of the alpha subunit of the intestinal Gs protein (Gsalpha), leading to characteristic water and electrolyte losses. Mammalian cells contain ADP-ribosyltransferases similar to
Molecular and cellular aspects and regulation of intestinal lactase-phlorizin hydrolase.
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Carbohydrates are hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen by specific enzymes to monosaccharides before transport across the brush border membrane of epithelial cells into the cell interior. The enzymes implicated in the digestion of carbohydrates in the intestinal lumen are membrane-bound glycoproteins
Enhanced sensitivity to cholera toxin in female ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase (ARH1)-deficient mice.
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Cholera toxin, an 84-kDa multimeric protein and a major virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae, uses the ADP-ribosyltransferase activity of its A subunit to intoxicate host cells. ADP-ribosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins, in which the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ is transferred to
Targeting fatty acid amide hydrolase and transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 simultaneously to modulate colonic motility and visceral sensation in the mouse: A pharmacological intervention with N-arachidonoyl-serotonin (AA-5-HT).
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BACKGROUND
Endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) inhibits intestinal motility and visceral pain, but it may also be proalgesic through transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1). AEA is degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). This study explored whether dual inhibition of FAAH and TRPV1
Bile Salt Hydrolase Activities: A Novel Target to Screen Anti-Giardia Lactobacilli?
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Giardia duodenalis is a protozoan parasite responsible for giardiasis, a disease characterized by intestinal malabsorption, diarrhea and abdominal pain in a large number of mammal species. Giardiasis is one of the most common intestinal parasitic diseases in the world and thus a high veterinary, and
[Diagnosis and treatment of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency: a case report and literature review].
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A case of 3-hydroxyisobutyryl-CoA hydrolase deficiency was reported, and its clinical features, gene mutation characteristics, and diagnosis and treatment were analyzed with reference to related literature. The patient aged 1 year and 6 months had developmental regression and paroxysmal dystonia
Lactoferrin up-regulates intestinal gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factors BDNF, UCHL1 and alkaline phosphatase activity to alleviate early weaning diarrhea in postnatal piglets.
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The molecular mechanisms underlying how dietary lactoferrin (Lf) impacts gut development and maturation and protects against early weaning diarrhea are not well understood. In this study, we supplemented postnatal piglets with an Lf at a dose level of 155 and 285 mg/kg/day from 3 to 38 days
The small intestinal apical hydrolase activities are decreased in the piglet with bowel inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate.
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. We tested the hypothesis that compromised activities of the major small intestinal apical hydrolases contribute to the symptoms of IBD. Changes in hydrolytic kinetics, target protein
A retrospective study on the association of gastrointestinal symptoms in children with low lactase activity and low activity of other disaccharidases
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Background: Disaccharides such as lactose and sucrose are sugars commonly found in human diet. They are broken down by mucosal disaccharidases in the duodenum. Previous small studies found no associations between gastrointestinal (GI)
Genetic variation in endocannabinoid metabolism, gastrointestinal motility, and sensation.
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Cannabinoid agonist inhibits gastrointestinal motility. The endocannabinoid, anandamide, is inactivated by fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). A single nucleotide polymorphism in the human FAAH gene (C385A) reduces FAAH expression. Our aim was to evaluate associations between FAAH genotype variation
Mosaic pattern of sucrase isomaltase deficiency in two brothers.
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The pathophysiology of mucosal changes observed in infants with chronic protracted diarrhea is poorly understood. We report on two brothers suffering from a special form of sucrase isomaltase (SI) deficiency. The children presented with weight loss and dyspepsia after sucrose exposition. We
Comparative toxicology of tetrachlorobiphenyls in mink and rats. I. Changes in hepatic enzyme activity and smooth endoplasmic reticulum volume.
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Mink have been shown previously to be extraordinarily sensitive to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and related classes of halogenated hydrocarbons. This study explored several aspects of the acute response of mink to two purified tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCB) congeners and compared their response with
Sustained complete response to CTLA-4 blockade in a patient with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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We present the case of a man with metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer, who had a complete prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response after 2½ doses of ipilimumab. His treatment course was complicated by diarrhea and autoimmune hepatitis, both of which resolved within 4 months. Sera and
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