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BACKGROUND
Colonoscopy is the gold standard in diagnosis of diseases of the colon. Sedation and antispasmodic agents are recommended during colonoscopy. Age is a limiting factor when the surgeon is deciding whether to use these medications or not.
METHODS
One hundred twenty patients older than 65
1. A period of stimulation of intrinsic or extrinsic nerves to intestinal muscle is often followed by a secondary contraction. In the present work, the basis for such secondary contractions in the longitudinal muscle of the large bowel of guinea-pigs and rabbits was examined.2. In general, the
1 Pieces of rabbit jejunum were bathed in Krebs solution at 37 degrees C in an isolated organ bath bubbled with O2 and 5% CO2. The bathing fluid was collected regularly and assayed for prostaglandins. 2 The preparations maintained a continuous sub-maximal muscle contraction, referred to as inherent
1. Contractions of guinea-pig isolated proximal colon produced by vasopressin are not affected by methyloxytocin (a compound that blocks pressor effects of vasopressin).2. Vasopressin contractions are inhibited by replacement of sodium with mannitol or sucrose, elevation of potassium or magnesium
1. In anaesthetized dogs the reflex vascular resistance changes in a perfused hind limb were studied following carotid baroreceptor or chemoreceptor stimulation. 2. The observed rises in resistance were sympathetically mediated and thus provided a means of studying the action of the cholinergic
The central anticholinergic syndrome (CAS) includes central signs (somnolence, confusion, amnesia, agitation, hallucinations, dysarthria, ataxia, delirium, stupor, coma) and peripheral signs (dry mouth, dry skin, tachycardia, visual disturbances and difficulty in micturition). It occurs when central
Once again the staggering variation in IV sedation practice between different countries is highlighted. This year the "to sedate or not sedate" debate focuses on colonoscopy. Several papers on the use of Propofol are reviewed. It remains this authors' opinion that propofol is an anaesthetic agent to
Elderly patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have an increased risk of sedation related complications during the procedure. To determine whether nasal oxygen supplementation (2 l/min) reduces these risks, half of 66 patients aged over 60 undergoing ERCP using
The responses of the isolated guinea-pig ileum to coaxial stimulation of its nerves, to histamine, acetylcholine, bradykinin, nicotine, tetramethylammonium, 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenyl-piperazinium iodide and 5-hydroxytryptamine were studied, before and during anoxia, cooling, or exposure to hyoscine,
A review of recently published studies on the effect of cognition enhancers in non-demented human study participants is presented. The heterogeneity of the therapeutic target, age-associated cognitive decline, can be improved by separately treating groups in whom age-extrinsic factors may underlie