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The responses of hepatic glycogen synthase and phosphorylase to fasting and refeeding were assessed as part of an investigation into possible sites of insulin resistance in gold thioglucose (GTG) obese mice. The active forms glycogen synthase and phosphorylase (synthase I and phosphorylase a) and
The chronically hyperinsulinemic Zucker fatty rat, with peripheral insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, represents a model of noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). These animals have elevated hepatic glycogen levels. Hepatic levels of synthase phosphatase and phosphorylase
The regulation of glycogen synthase (GS) and glycogen phosphorylase (GP) activity by phosphorylation/ dephosphorylation has been proposed to be via changes in activities of several different protein (serine/threonine) phosphatases and kinases, including protein phosphatase (PP) 1/2A, PP2C, and
Addition of phenobarbital, an inducer of the liver mixed function oxidase system, to sulphonylurea regimen improves insulin sensitivity and intracellular glucose handling in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. The inducer also activates liver NADPH synthesis and its availability
The effects of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-d-arabinitol (DAB) were investigated on preparations of glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and in C57BL6J (ob/ob) mice by (13)C NMR in vivo. Independent of the phosphorylation state or the mammalian species or tissue from which GP was derived, DAB inhibited GP with
The influence of the hypoglycemic agent glipizide (0-100 microM) on the rate of gluconeogenesis from lactate, as well as on the levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, has been investigated in hepatocytes isolated from genetically obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats and from their corresponding lean (Fa/-)
The effects of epinephrine and electrical stimulation on lipolysis in the skeletal muscles of lean, and obese-diabetic (db/db) mice were studied using the perfused mouse hindquarter preparation. The rate of glycerol release from the obese mouse preparation was two times that of their lean
OBJECTIVE
Androgen excess in women is frequently associated with muscle insulin resistance, especially in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, whether this is a primary event or the result of indirect mechanisms is currently debated.
METHODS
This is an observational study.
METHODS
We
The effect of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) on the hormonal responsiveness of hepatocytes from lean and obese Zucker rats was studied. Phenylephrine-stimulated phosphatydylinositol labeling and phosphorylase activation were antagonized by PMA in cells from obese and lean animals; bigger residual
Lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats were fed ad libitum, or fasted for 17 h and then meal-fed for varying time intervals. During refeeding, glucose-6-phosphatase activity of lean rats declined to the low value that was present in livers of fasted obese rats and which remained unchanged in the
The hormonal control of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase interconversion was investigated in hepatocytes isolated from lean and genetically obese (fa/fa) rats. In cells from obese animals, the inactivation of synthase by 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA), phospholipase C,