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Numerous studies warn that women who smoke can suffer from weakened functioning of their ovaries and disturbed synthesis and metabolism of hormones. This may cause many pregnancy complications or premature menopause and osteoporosis. Moreover, smoking disturbs the menstrual cycle, decreases the
Premature menopause refers to the occurrence of menopause in women less than 40 years of age. This heterogeneous disorder affects 1 percent and 0.1 percent of women less than 40 and 30 years of age, respectively. The study reported in this article attempts to understand the prevalence and
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants found in tobacco smoke, air pollution, and grilled foods. Prenatal exposure to BaP causes premature reproductive senescence in mice, and other PAHs are transplacental ovarian carcinogens.
Because only 25% of cases of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) have a known etiology, the aim of this review was to summarize the associations and mechanisms of the impact of the environment on this pathology. Eligible studies were selected from an electronic literature search from the PUBMED
Phthalates and bisphenol-A (BPA) may pose a risk for human reproduction. Adverse effects of endocrine disturbing chemicals on animal ovaries have been proposed previously. This study was designed to measure the concentrations of phthalate diesters or their metabolites in serum to Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic chemicals released into the environment by fossil fuel combustion. Moreover, a primary route of human exposure to PAHs is tobacco smoke. Oocyte destruction and ovarian failure occur in PAH-treated mice, and cigarette smoking causes early menopause in
BACKGROUND
Muscle and joint aches (MJA) are frequently observed among menopausal women. They impair quality of life and are a burden to the healthcare system.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the relation between MJA and several variables related to the menopause.
METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 8373
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) in breast cancer patients previously treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. Sixteen of 27 patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy became permanently amenorrheic as a result of chemotherapy. BMD was
Oocytes become enclosed in primordial follicles during fetal life and remain dormant there until activation followed by growth and meiotic resumption. Current knowledge about the molecular pathways involved in oogenesis is incomplete. This study identifies the specific transcriptome of the human
Hyperprolactinemia with amenorrhea and galactorrhea generally has a benign clinical course without treatment. Prolonged amenorrhea due to early surgical castration or premature menopause is, however, associated with reduced bone mass and increased risk of fractures. Previous studies in