Perioperative Adverse Respiratory Events in Overweight/Obese Children: Systematic Review.

Childhood obesity is associated with numerous respiratory disorders, which may be aggravated when general anesthesia is administered. This systematic review aimed to investigate and synthesize the published literature on the associations between childhood obesity and perioperative adverse respiratory events (PAREs). By using key terms, observational studies published between 1990 and 2014 in English-language journals indexed by Cumulative Index for Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE were searched for reports of relevant associations. Nine articles were considered eligible for inclusion. In all studies, significant univariate and multivariate associations were reported between obesity and increased risk for PAREs in pediatric patients, mainly for hypoxemia, upper airway obstruction, and difficult mask ventilation. Appropriate strategies for preventing PAREs in obese children need to be followed by health care professionals. Multicenter studies are also recommended for ensuring high generalizability of reported associations and elucidating underlying mechanisms that link obesity to PAREs.