Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.

Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin.

Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.

Obesity

Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin. Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.This study evaluates the changes of gut microbiota composition and diversity, body weight, body fat, SCFAs, plasma amino acids, satiety hormones (PYY and GLP-1), Inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6) after 6-month studied period

Inulin

Chulalongkorn University

Impact of Dietary Fiber as Prebiotics on Intestinal Microbiota in Obese Thai Children

Relative abundant of gut microbiota phyla (focus on Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria)

Weight in kilograms and height in meters will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2

Acetate, propionate and butyrate (By High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Inflammatory cytokine (ELISA method)(IL-1β(pg/ml), TNF-α (pg/ml) and IL-6(pg/ml))

165 participants Children, age 7 to 15 years with Body mass index (BMI) ≥ median + 2 Standard deviation(SD) will be randomized into one of the three arms of 55 participants per group.Group A (intervention group) will receive inulin 10 g.Group B will receive placebo of isocaloric maltodextrin. Group C will receive dietary fiber advice aimed to match the recommended fiber intake for age.

Group of 22 families consuming a fermented dairy product with prebiotic components, once a day for 4 months.

Group of 22 families consuming a dairy product with similar characteristics regarding color, flavor and nutritional composition, not containing the prebiotic components, once a day for 4 months.

Prebiotics

Fermented dairy product with galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), kefiran and other metabolites resulting from the fermentation with kefir granules.

Prebiotic group

Beverage with color, flavor and nutritional composition similar to the fermented dairy product but not containing the prebiotic components.

Placebo group

A Estrada Primary Care Centre

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile: An Exploratory Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial

Flow cytometry analysis on peripheral blood

Enzymatic method using standard kits on an Advia 2400 Clinical Chemistry System (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics)

Estimated using the Friedewald formula. Enzymatic method when triglycerides > 400 mg/dl.

Cases with at least one positive test will be considered to have allergic sensitization.

Immunometric chemoluminiscence method employing an Immulite 2000 Immunoassay System

Immunometric chemoluminiscence method employing an Immulite 1000 Immunoassay System

High resolution liquid chromatography using a Menarini Diagnostics HA-8160 Analyzer;

BMI will be calculated as body weight (kg) divided by height (m) squared. The BMI of subjects under 18 years of age will be standardised using World Health Organization (WHO) reference data.

Waist circumference will be measured at the narrowest point between the bottom rib and the top of the iliac crest.

Hip circumference will be measured at the point of greatest prominence of the gluteal muscles.

Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS) is for classifying the form of stool into 7 categories scored from 1 to 7; (1) Separate hard lumps like nuts (difficult to pass); (2) Sausage-shaped but lumpy; (3) Like a sausage but with cracks on its surface; (4) Like a sausage or snake, smooth and soft; (5) Soft blobs with clear-cut edges (passed easily); (6) Fluffy pieces with ragged edges, a mushy stool; (7) Watery, no solid pieces, entirely liquid. Subjects choose one of the BSFS scores which has a nearest analog form with their stools at every defecation.
Types 1 and 2 are considered to be abnormally hard stools, while Types 6 and 7 are considered abnormally liquid stools. Types 3, 4 and 5 are generally considered to be the most normal stool forms.

Assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) which include 93 foods and drinks habitually consumed in Spain.

Maria del Mar Calvo Malvar

Principal Investigator

Hospital Clinico Universitario de Santiago

Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology (CDTI)

Both groups will receive fermented dairy products with similar color, flavor and nutritional composition, except the prebiotic components, which will only be administered to the intervention group.

fructan/necrosis

Impact of Dietary Fiber as Prebiotics on Intestinal Microbiota in Obese Thai Children

Effect of a Kefir Beverage on Immunity and Lipid Profile

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