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Fibrocartilage metaplasia in tendons and ligaments is an adaptation to compression as well as a pathological feature during degeneration. Medial meniscus posterior roots are unique ligaments that resist multidirectional forces, including compression.
To characterize the degeneration of medial
The gene (ppa) from the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum, encoding the cytoplasmic pyrophosphatase, has been cloned. Two degenerate oligonucleotide probes, synthesized according to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the isolated protein, were used to screen subgenomic
The role of the Golgi apparatus and the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum-lysosome complex (GERL) in the genesis of lysosomes was examined in differentiating and degenerating motor neurons of anuran larvae. Acid phosphatase, aryl sulfatase, and thiolacetic acid esterase were utilized as marker enzymes for
The plant vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase) functions as a proton pump coupled with the hydrolysis of pyrophosphate (PPi). Loss-of-function mutants (fugu5s and vhp1) of the H(+)-PPase of Arabidopsis thaliana show clear morphological phenotypes in the cotyledons, caused by inhibition of
The cytosolic level of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) is finely regulated, with PPi hydrolyzed primarily by the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase (H+-PPase, VHP1/FUGU5/AVP1) and secondarily by five cytosolic soluble pyrophosphatases (sPPases; PPa1-PPa5) in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H(+)-PPase, EC 3.6.1.1) are integral membrane proteins that have been extensively studied in higher plants, the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum and, more recently, in some human pathogenic protozoa. By using a PCR-based approach,
Plant vacuolar H+-transporting inorganic pyrophosphatase (V-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) is a crucial enzyme that exists on the tonoplast to maintain pH homeostasis across the vacuolar membrane. This enzyme generates proton gradient between cytosol and vacuolar lumen by hydrolysis of a metabolic byproduct,
BACKGROUND
Although patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have a high risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA), the role of meniscus hypertrophy and mineralization in PTOA after an ACL injury remains unknown.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to determine if
Aims: This study was designed to investigate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the annulus fibrosus (AF), nucleus pulposus (NP), and whole blood (WB) of intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD) patients. Materials and Methods: We retrieved microarray data set GSE70362, which
Calcific aortic valve disease is an active disease process with lipoprotein deposition, chronic inflammation, and progressive leaflet degeneration. Expression of ectonucleotidases, a group of membrane-bound enzymes that regulate the metabolism of ATP and its metabolites, may coregulate the
BACKGROUND
Menisci play a vital role in load transmission, shock absorption and joint stability. There is increasing evidence suggesting that OA menisci may not merely be bystanders in the disease process of OA. This study sought: 1) to determine the prevalence of meniscal degeneration in OA
Enzyme-histochemical methods for thiamine pyrophosphatase (TPPase) and nucleoside diphosphatase (NDPase) were applied to wholemounted rabbit retinae to demonstrate the shape and distribution of microglial cells in early postnatal and adult animals. At birth, microglial cells were already present in
Several nucleotide-specific phosphohydrolases can cleave P-F bonds in substrate analogues containing a fluorophosphate moiety to release fluoride ions. In this work, by employing a fluoride-sensitive molecular sensor, we harnessed this cleavage reaction to develop a fluorescence assay to screen for
The spinach ( Spinacia oleracea L. (cv. Hoyo) nitrate reductase inactivator (NRI) is a novel protein that irreversibly inactivates NR. Using degenerate primers based on an N-terminal amino acid sequence of NRI purified from spinach leaves and a cDNA library, we isolated a full-length NRI cDNA from
Von Ebner's gland of ferret was examined by means of light microscopy, protein, mucosubstance and enzyme histochemistry, and neurohistology. Acinar cells were replete with granules containing neutral mucosubstances and disulphides, and showed strong diffuse acid phosphatase activity and weak