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Aristolochic acids (AAs) are nephrotoxic and carcinogenic derivatives found in several Aristolochia species. To date, the toxicity of AAs has been inferred only from the effects observed in patients suffering from a kidney disease called "aristolochic acid nephropathy" (AAN, formerly known as
Exposure to aristolochic acids (AAs) from Aristolochia plants is one of the major global causes of nephropathy, including Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN); renal failure; and urothelial cancer. The high incidence of BEN on the Balkan Peninsula is assumed to result from consumption of Aristolochia
Administration of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) orally at either 0.5 g or 1 g/kg daily for 14 days to rats did not produce any DNA adducts in the forestomach as measured by the 32P-postlabeling method using (1) limiting concentrations of 32P-ATP; (2) nuclease P1 enhancement; or (3) butanol