dysentery/protease

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Long-term downregulation of protease-activated receptor-2 expression in distal colon in rats following bacillary dysentery.

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The aim of this study was to determine changes of PAR-2 expression in distal colon and the sensitivity of colonic muscle to SLIGRL-NH2, the PAR-2-activating peptide (PAR-2-AP) following bacillary dysentery. Shigella flexneri was administrated intragastrically in healthy male rats to induce bacillary

Factors Defining the Stability of Poly(Lactide-co-Glycolide) Spheres for the Sustained Release of a Cysteine Protease Inhibitor.

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Colloidal stability and the regularity of the release kinetics benefit from the high circularity and the narrow size dispersion of polymeric particles as drug delivery carriers. A method for obtaining such particles composed of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), averaging at 1.0 ± 0.3 µm in size, is

Vaccinomics Approach for Designing Potential Peptide Vaccine by Targeting Shigella spp. Serine Protease Autotransporter Subfamily Protein SigA.

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Shigellosis, a bacillary dysentery, is closely associated with diarrhoea in human and causes infection of 165 million people worldwide per year. Casein-degrading serine protease autotransporter of enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) subfamily protein SigA, an outer membrane protein, exerts both cytopathic

Reduced expression of a rhomboid protease, EhROM1, correlates with changes in the submembrane distribution and size of the Gal/GalNAc lectin subunits in the human protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica.

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Entamoeba histolytica is a food- and waterborne parasite that causes amebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscesses. Adhesion is one of the most important virulence functions as it facilitates motility, colonization of host, destruction of host tissue, and uptake of nutrients by the parasite. The

Infectious diarrhea in human immunodeficiency virus.

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Chronic HIV-associated diarrhea is currently a field in flux. Improved noninvasive diagnostic tests, improved pathogen-specific regimens, and better empiric therapies may change some of the assumptions used to select algorithms for diagnostic evaluation and management. Any shift in the cause of

Toxic effect of stem bark and leaf of Euphorbia hirta plant against freshwater vector snail Lymnaea acuminata.

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The aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of plant Euphorbia hirta (family-Euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. Sub-lethal doses (40% and 80% of LC50) of aqueous stem bark and leaf extracts of this plant also significantly (P<0.05) alter the levels of total protein, total free amino

Toxic effect of two common Euphorbiales latices on the freshwater snail Lymnaea acuminata.

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The aqueous and serially purified latex extracts of plants Euphorbia pulcherima and Euphorbia hirta (family Euphorbiaceae) have potent molluscicidal activity. Sub-lethal doses (40 and 80% of LC(50)) of aqueous and partially purified latex extracts of both the plants also significantly alter the

The structures of coiled-coil domains from type III secretion system translocators reveal homology to pore-forming toxins.

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Many pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria utilize type III secretion systems (T3SSs) to alter the normal functions of target cells. Shigella flexneri uses its T3SS to invade human intestinal cells to cause bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) that is responsible for over one million deaths per year. The

Unique posttranslational modifications of chitin-binding lectins of Entamoeba invadens cyst walls.

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Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amebic dysentery and liver abscesses, is spread via chitin-walled cysts. The most abundant protein in the cyst wall of Entamoeba invadens, a model for amebic encystation, is a lectin called EiJacob1. EiJacob1 has five tandemly arrayed, six-Cys chitin-binding

To die or not to die: Shigella has an answer.

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Invasion of epithelial cells by Shigella is a critical step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Bergounioux et al. (2012) uncover a complex interplay of proinvasion, prosurvival, and prodeath signals centered on the activation of calpain protease by the

An ion-channel forming protein produced by Entamoeba histolytica.

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We have identified a remarkable ion-channel forming material in virulent strains of Entamoeba histolytica that may be responsible for many of the symptoms associated with amoebic dysentery. A polypeptide that we refer to as amoebapore is shed into the growth media and is also found within the amoeba

The antiretroviral lectin cyanovirin-N targets well-known and novel targets on the surface of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.

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Entamoeba histolytica, the protist that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess, has a truncated Asn-linked glycan (N-glycan) precursor composed of seven sugars (Man(5)GlcNAc(2)). Here, we show that glycoproteins with unmodified N-glycans are aggregated and capped on the surface of E. histolytica

Implications of Spatiotemporal Regulation of Shigella flexneri Type Three Secretion Activity on Effector Functions: Think Globally, Act Locally.

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Shigella spp. are Gram-negative bacterial pathogens that infect human colonic epithelia and cause bacterial dysentery. These bacteria express multiple copies of a syringe-like protein complex, the Type Three Secretion apparatus (T3SA), which is instrumental in the etiology of the disease. The T3SA

The Shigella Virulence Factor IcsA Relieves N-WASP Autoinhibition by Displacing the Verprolin Homology/Cofilin/Acidic (VCA) Domain.

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Shigella flexneri is a bacterial pathogen that invades cells of the gastrointestinal tract, causing severe dysentery. Shigella mediates intracellular motility and spreading via actin comet tail formation. This process is dependent on the surface-exposed, membrane-embedded virulence factor IcsA,

Entamoeba histolytica uses ferritin as an iron source and internalises this protein by means of clathrin-coated vesicles.

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Entamoeba histolytica is a parasitic protozoan that produces dysentery and often reaches the liver, leading to abscess formation. Ferritin is an iron-storage protein that is mainly found in liver and spleen in mammals. The liver contains a plentiful source of iron for amoebae multiplying in that

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