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The mis-identification of the major antioxidant flavonoids in young barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves.

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Several papers have appeared in the literature since 1992 which refer to a major "isoflavonoid" antioxidant in young green barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare) as 2''-O-glucosylisovitexin. In the present paper the original NMR data supporting this structural assignment are examined and found to have been

Jasmonate-induced changes in flavonoid metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare) leaves.

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The effects of jasmonic acid (JA) on secondary metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) were investigated. A reversed-phase HPLC analysis revealed that the amount of a particular compound increased in excised barley leaf segments that had been treated with JA. This compound was purified and

Further knowledge on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves O-glycosyl-C-glycosyl flavones by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array detection-electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.

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Thirty-seven flavonoids and a hydroxycynnamic acid have been characterized in barley leaves (Hordeum vulgare L.) by liquid chromatography-UV diode-array coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry with electrospray ionisation interface (negative mode). Their structures have been determined by the study of

Changes in isovitexin-O-glycosylation during the development of young barley plants.

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Phenylpropanoids are a class of plant natural products that have many biological functions, including stress defence. In barley, phenylpropanoids have been described as having protective properties against excess UV-B radiation and have been linked to resistance to pathogens. Although the

Proteome and flavonoid analysis reveals distinct responses of epidermal tissue and whole leaves upon UV-B radiation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings.

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We describe here the effect of UV-B irradiation on the proteome and flavonoid content of the barley seedling leaf epidermis and mesophyll. Flavonoid analysis was performed using UPLC-PDA/-MS. The major flavonoid molecule responding to UV-B radiation was saponarin, and this accumulated in the

Uridinediphosphate-glucose: Isovitexin 7-O-glucosyltransferase from barley protoplasts: Subcellular localization.

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Protoplasts isolated from 6-d-old primary leaves of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) contain an enzyme which transfers the glucosyl moiety of uridine-diphosphateglucose to isovitexin, resulting in the formation of saponarin, the major flavonoid of barley. Purified chloroplasts isolated from protoplasts

Flavone glucoside uptake into barley mesophyll and Arabidopsis cell culture vacuoles. Energization occurs by H(+)-antiport and ATP-binding cassette-type mechanisms.

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In many cases, secondary plant products accumulate in the large central vacuole of plant cells. However, the mechanisms involved in the transport of secondary compounds are only poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the transport mechanisms for the major barley (Hordeum vulgare) flavonoid

Ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation can both induce photoprotective capacity allowing barley to overcome high radiation stress.

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The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of acclimation to ultraviolet (UV) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on photoprotective mechanisms in barley leaves. Barley plants were acclimated for 7 days under three combinations of high or low UV and PAR treatments

Flavonoid biosynthesis in barley primary leaves requires the presence of the vacuole and controls the activity of vacuolar flavonoid transport.

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Barley (Hordeum vulgare) primary leaves synthesize saponarin, a 2-fold glucosylated flavone (apigenin 6-C-glucosyl-7-O-glucoside), which is efficiently accumulated in vacuoles via a transport mechanism driven by the proton gradient. Vacuoles isolated from mesophyll protoplasts of the plant line

Therapeutic Potential of Young Green Barley Leaves in Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Diseases: An Overview.

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Medicinal plants have played a major role as a functional food and pharmacological source of active substances. Barley grass (BG) is young green barley leaves. It is the young grass of the common barley plant Hordeum vulgare L. of the family Poeaceae (Graminae). It is a type of green grasses, and

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