[Bladder cancer].

The therapeutic principles of bladder cancer are reviewed in the fields of surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. The operative indications for bladder cancer mainly depend on tumor stage, grade, shape, size, the number of tumor, age and social activity of the patient. TUR is applied to the superficial lesion, where 80-100% of five-year survival and 30-85% recurrence rate in a year were obtained. 20-50% for stage B2--C and 6-36% for stage D of five-year survival were observed in patients receiving total cystectomy. By preoperative irradiation therapy, the excellent results were shown in the decrease of a recurrence rate and the prolongation of five-year survival. Thiotepa is one of the most effective drugs when instillated intravesically for superficial lesion and cis-platinum (in systemic use) shows remarkable effects for advanced bladder cancer.