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betaine/arabidopsis
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Glycine betaine involvement in freezing tolerance and water stress in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Levels of endogenous glycine betaine in the leaves were measured in response to cold acclimation, water stress and exogenous ABA application in Arabidopsis thaliana. The endogenous glycine betaine level in the leaves increased sharply during cold acclimation treatment as plants gained freezing
Production of the Escherichia coli betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine, in transgenic plants.
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In several organisms osmotic stress tolerance is mediated by the accumulation of the osmoprotective compound glycine betaine. With the ambition to transfer the betaine biosynthetic pathway into plants not capable of synthesizing this osmoprotectant, the Escherichia coli gene betB encoding the second
Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase genes from Arabidopsis with different sub-cellular localization affect stress responses.
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Arabidopsis thaliana belongs to those plants that do not naturally accumulate glycine betaine (GB), although its genome contains two genes, ALDH10A8 and ALDH10A9 that code for betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases (BADHs). BADHs were initially known to catalyze the last step of the biosynthesis of GB in
Overexpression of ALDH10A8 and ALDH10A9 Genes Provides Insight into Their Role in Glycine Betaine Synthesis and Affects Primary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenases oxidize betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine in species that accumulate glycine betaine as a compatible solute under stress conditions. In contrast, the physiological function of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase genes is at present unclear in species that do not
Functional characterization of choline monooxygenase, an enzyme for betaine synthesis in plants.
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In plants, the first step in betaine synthesis was shown to be catalyzed by a novel Rieske-type iron-sulfur enzyme, choline monooxygenase (CMO). Although CMO so far has been found only in Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae, the recent genome sequence suggests the presence of a CMO-like gene in
Transcriptional enhancement of a bacterial choline oxidase A gene by an HSP terminator improves the glycine betaine production and salinity stress tolerance of Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees.
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Novel transgenic Eucalyptus camaldulensis trees expressing the bacterial choline oxidase A (codA) gene by the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and the Arabidopsis thalianaheat shock protein (HSP) terminator was developed. To evaluate the
The transgene pyramiding tobacco with betaine synthesis and heterologous expression of AtNHX1 is more tolerant to salt stress than either of the tobacco lines with betaine synthesis or AtNHX1.
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Previous studies have shown that the overexpression of betA (encoding choline dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli) or AtNHX1 (a vacuolar Na(+)/H(+) antiport from Arabidopsis thaliana) gene can improve the salt tolerance of transgenic plants. However, little is known about the effects of the
Transgenic Arabidopsis expressing osmolyte glycine betaine synthesizing enzymes from halophilic methanogen promote tolerance to drought and salt stress.
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Glycine betaine (betaine) has the highest cellular osmoprotective efficiency which does not accumulate in most glycophytes. The biosynthetic pathway for betaine in higher plants is derived from the oxidation of low-accumulating metabolite choline that limiting the ability of most plants to produce
Manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in Arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops.
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Sinapoylcholine (sinapine) is the most abundant antinutritional phenolic compound in cruciferous seeds. The quaternary ammonium compounds, choline, betaine and N,N-dimethylglycine, reside along a biosynthetic pathway linked to the synthesis of membrane phospholipids and neurotransmitters with
Enhanced formation of flowers in salt-stressed Arabidopsis after genetic engineering of the synthesis of glycine betaine.
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Previously, we showed that transformation with the codA gene for choline oxidase allows plants to synthesize glycine betaine (GB) and enhances their ability to tolerate various kinds of stress during germination and vegetative growth. In this study, we examined the tolerance of transformed plants to
Systematic phenotypic screen of Arabidopsis peroxisomal mutants identifies proteins involved in β-oxidation.
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Peroxisomes are highly dynamic and multifunctional organelles essential to development. Plant peroxisomes accommodate a multitude of metabolic reactions, many of which are related to the β-oxidation of fatty acids or fatty acid-related metabolites. Recently, several dozens of novel peroxisomal
Does an expressed sequence tag (EST) library of Salsola iberica (tumbleweed) help to understand plant responses to environmental stresses?
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Weeds play an important role in agriculture and molecular techniques are useful to help understand traits that contribute to weediness and weeds' interactions with the environment. A total of 377 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from a modest library were arranged into 227 unique fragments and 61
Combined Metabonomic and Quantitative RT-PCR Analyses Revealed Metabolic Reprogramming Associated with Fusarium graminearum Resistance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Fusarium head blight disease resulting from Fusarium graminearum (FG) infection causes huge losses in global production of cereals and development of FG-resistant plants is urgently needed. To understand biochemistry mechanisms for FG resistance, here, we have systematically investigated the plant
A bHLH gene from Tamarix hispida improves abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential and decreasing reactive oxygen species accumulation.
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Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) leucine-zipper transcription factors play important roles in abiotic stress responses. However, their specific roles in abiotic stress tolerance are not fully known. Here, we functionally characterized a bHLH gene, ThbHLH1, from Tamarix hispida in abiotic stress
Arabidopsis aldehyde dehydrogenase 10 family members confer salt tolerance through putrescine-derived 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) production.
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Polyamines represent a potential source of 4-aminobutyrate (GABA) in plants exposed to abiotic stress. Terminal catabolism of putrescine in Arabidopsis thaliana involves amine oxidase and the production of 4-aminobutanal, which is a substrate for NAD+-dependent aminoaldehyde dehydrogenase (AMADH).
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