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Yohimbine co-treatment during chronic morphine administration attenuates naloxone-precipitated withdrawal without diminishing tail-flick analgesia in rats.
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Noradrenergic neuronal hyperactivity following chronic morphine administration has been postulated to cause withdrawal signs and symptoms. Suppression of this hyperactivity, for example, by clonidine attenuates withdrawal. It might follow, therefore, that the prevention of suppression of
Effectiveness of yohimbine in treating narcolepsy.
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Yohimbine was used in four men and four women ranging in age from 21 to 64 years with nocturnal polysomnography and multiple sleep latency test-verified narcolepsy. All achieved a stimulant response in doses ranging from 2.7 to 16.2 mg/day. The effective dose was defined as the amount of medication
Precipitation by yohimbine of the withdrawal syndromes of clonidine, guanfacine, and methyldopa in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
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In conscious spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats, continuously infused with clonidine (500 micrograms/kg/day s.c.) for 12 days, yohimbine (3 or 10 mg/kg i.p.) dose dependently precipitated an overshoot of heart rate and other withdrawal symptoms, such as blood pressure upswings, diarrhea, ptosis,
Freeze dried extracts of Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr. and Sheriff. show significant antidiarrheal activity in in-vivo models of diarrhea.
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UNASSIGNED
Diarrhea remains one of the main killers of children aged below five years. Traditional antidiarrheal remedies form a potentially viable source of novel low cost efficacious treatments in low resource settings. There is therefore a pressing need to scientifically evaluate these
Role of alpha-2 adrenergic receptors in the control of diarrhea and intestinal motility.
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Oral administration of clonidine blocked diarrhea induced in mice by castor oil, prostaglandin E2, 5-hydroxytryptophan and bethanechol. The antidiarrheal action of clonidine was blocked by yohimbine but not by naloxone, propranolol, prazosin or cimetidine, indicating involvement of the alpha-2
Comparison of the effects of T-1815, yohimbine and naloxone on mouse colonic propulsion.
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The colonic prokinetic activity of a newly synthesized compound, T-1815, administered orally, was compared with that of yohimbine and naloxone in mice. The time required to evacuate a glass bead inserted into the distal colon was taken as an index of prokinetic activity. Clonidine (3-30
A comparison of peripheral and central effects of clonidine on rat intestinal transit.
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This study was designed to examine the effects of centrally or peripherally administered clonidine on small intestinal transit (SIT) in rats with diarrhea. Adult, male rats weighing 200 to 250 grams were surgically implanted with a silicone catheter in the proximal small intestine. Some animals were
Opposite Effect of Opuntia ficus-indica L. Juice Depending on Fruit Maturity Stage on Gastrointestinal Physiological Parameters in Rat.
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The phytochemical composition and the effect of the green and ripe Opuntia ficus-indica juice on some gastrointestinal (GI) physiological parameters such as stomach emptying and small-intestinal motility and permeability were determined in rats administered multiple concentrations of the prickly
Antidiarrheal, vasorelaxant, and neuropharmacological actions of the diterpene tilifodiolide.
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Salvia tiliifolia is used in folk medicine as a relaxant agent and for the treatment of diarrhea and neurodegenerative diseases. Tilifodiolide (TFD) is a diterpene obtained from this plant. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antidiarrheal, vasorelaxant, and neuropharmacological actions of
Alpha2-adrenergic receptors attenuate secretagogue-induced endocytosis and promote exocytosis of intestinal NHE2 and NHE3.
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Adrenergic agonists, through activation of intestinal epithelial alpha2-adrenergic receptors (alpha2AR), inhibit electrolyte secretion and promote absorption. The mechanisms of action to promote basal Na(+) absorption and inhibit stimulated secretion are not understood completely. The effects of
WHR 1049, a potent metabolite of lidamidine, has antidiarrheal and antimotility effects on the small intestine in rats.
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Lidamidine HCl has been suggested to be effective in treating certain motor disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Lidamidine has alpha-2 agonist as well as local anesthetic properties. We studied the antimotility and antidiarrheal activity of WHR 1049, a hepatic metabolite of lidamidine known to
Luminal adrenergic agents modulate ileal transport: discrimination between alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors.
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Luminal alpha-adrenergic agonists alter ileal water, ion, and glucose transport by a local mechanism. This study tested the hypothesis that luminal adrenergic agents modulate ileal transport selectively, via specific alpha 1 and alpha 2 receptors. Absorption studies (n = 72) were performed on dogs
Discrimination between alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in the isolated perfused ileum.
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Adrenergic control over intestinal homeostasis has been associated with changes in intestinal vascular resistance, motility, and transport. With the use of selective alpha-adrenergic agents, this study was designed to discriminate between the vascular and transport effects. Rabbit 20 cm ileal
Effect of the crude extract of Evodiae Fructus on the intestinal transit in mice.
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One of the uses of Evodiae Fructus (EF, the dried, unripe fruit of Evodia rutaecarpa) in Chinese medicine is recommended in diarrhea, but its underlying mechanism has not yet been studied. The present study examined the effect of an aqueous extract of EF on the intestinal transit in mice by the
Luminal dopamine modulates canine ileal water and electrolyte transport.
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Previous studies have suggested that dopamine stimulates active ileal ion absorption via alpha 2-adrenergic or dopaminergic receptor activation. Identification of a dopamine 1a receptor on rat enterocytes located in intestinal crypts prompted this investigation of the effect of luminally
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