patients will receive 5ml of normal saline 0.9% topically 15 min before the expected end of surgery.

patients will receive 5ml of bupivacaine 0.5% topically 15 min before the expected end of surgery.

Thyroid Diseases

5ml of normal saline 0.9% topically 15 min will be installed topically around the ETT using ordinary syringe before the expected end of the surgery, this will be followed by manual ventilation using about the double tidal volume for 6-8 times or more to get air bubbles distributed within the upper airway to anesthetize the oropharynx and spread around ETT to the adjacent mucosal structures (laryngopharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea) then the cuff will be inflated to the previous pressure and the patient will be mechanically ventilated as usual.

normal saline 0.9%

5 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% will be installed topically around the ETT using ordinary syringe before the expected end of the surgery, this will be followed by manual ventilation using about the double tidal volume for 6-8 times or more to get air bubbles distributed within the upper airway to anesthetize the oropharynx and spread around ETT to the adjacent mucosal structures (laryngopharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea) then the cuff will be inflated to the previous pressure and patient will be mechanically ventilated as usual.

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

Faculty of medicine, zagazig university

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia In Patients Undergoing Elective Thyroidectomy. A Randomized Controlled Study

will be assessed as Grade 0: no cough; Grade 1: single cough with mild severity; Grade 2: cough lasting less than 5 s with moderate severity; Grade 3: sustained bouts of persistent cough more than 5 s.

removal of the endotracheal tube [ETT] while the patient is still in a deep plane of general anesthesia

will be assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) scale, On a scale of 0-10, the patient will learn to quantify postoperative sore throat pain where 0= No pain and 10= Maximum worst pain.

planned after the completion of the study and publication

Shereen Elsayed Abd Ellatif

principal investigator, lecturer

Zagazig University

The patients will be divided randomly by a computer-generated randomization table into two equal groups

double-blinded ( patient and outcome assessors)

standard care plus (placebo twice daily for 10 days).

COVID-19

Tramadol

Standard care delivered in the isolation hospitals.

Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol in COVID-19 Egyptian Patients

Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol Adjuvant Therapy to Standard Care for COVID-19 Egyptian Patients: A Randomized Double Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

PCR analysis of nasal swabs from COVID-19 patients

Prof. Dr. Nahla El-Ashmawy

Dean of Faculty of Pharmacy

Tanta University

A randomized Double Blind Controlled Clinical Trial

Active drug given to patients as an intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg of propofol

Placebo drug given to patients as an intravenous dose of 0.05 mL/kg of saline solution (NaCl 0.9%)

Elective Surgery

Coughing

Intravenous dose of 0.5 mg/kg of propofol

Intravenous dose of 0.05 mL/kg of saline solution

CHUM

Efficacy of Propofol vs Placebo in the Prevention of Coughing During Emergence of General Anesthesia Under Desflurane

Efficacy of an Intravenous Dose of Propofol Versus Placebo in the Prevention of Coughing During Emergence of General Anesthesia Under Desflurane

Incidence of coughing during emergence of general anesthesia (between discontinuation of desflurane and MAC of 0.15 of desflurane) and its severity based on a 4-grade scale

Incidence of coughing during emergence of general anesthesia (between MAC of 0.15 of desflurane and until 10 min after extubation) and its severity based on a 4-grade scale

Interval between discontinuation of desflurane and extubation

Sedation of the patient two, five and ten minutes following extubation, then at 15 minutes interval in the recovery room, based on the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation Scale (OAA/A), until 30 minutes after the admission in the recovery room

incidence of hypoventilation (breathing rate < 8/min)

incidence of hypoxic episode (oxygen saturation < 90%)

Measurement of blood pressure before the induction and during emergence (every 5 min) in order to calculate incidence of fluctuation of non invasive blood pressure and heart rate of more than 20% between the values before induction of anesthesia until 10 min after extubation

Measurement of heart rate before the induction and during emergence (every 5 min) in order to calculate incidence of fluctuation of non invasive blood pressure and heart rate of more than 20% between the values before induction of anesthesia until 10 min after extubation

Note the possible agitation of the patient during emergence

Describe potential complications secondary to the bolus of the substance under study at the emergence

Calculate cumulative incidence of nausea/vomiting between extubation and 30 minutes after the admission in the recovery room

Evaluate swallowing pain scores evaluated using a verbal simple numeric scale (0 = no pain et 10 = worst pain imaginable) 30 min after extubation

Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)

we administrate the single-dose dexmedetomidine (0.5mcg/kg) with low-dose remifentanil infusion(TCI 1 ng/ml).

we administrate the high-dose remifentanil infusion(TCI 2 ng/ml) alone.

Thyroidectomy

single dose administration (0.5mcg/kg) 10 min before end of the surgery with maintain the infusion of remifentanil (TCI 1 ng/ml) until end of surgery

Dexmedetomidine + Remifentanil-low dose

maintain the infusion of remifentanil until end of the surgery (TCI 2 ng/ml)

Remifentanil-high dose

Gangnam severance hospital

Antitussive Effect of Single-dose Dexmedetomidine With Low-dose Remifentanil Infusion

Antitussive Effect of Single-dose Dexmedetomidine With Low-dose Remifentanil Infusion During Emergence in Adults After Thyroidectomy: Comparison With High-dose Remifentanil Infusion Alone

comparison of the incidence of delayed awakening, post-operative nausea/vomiting, consumption of pain killer

using Quality of Recovery-40 questionnaire, evaluate the recovery status of patient from general anesthesia

Jeong Soo Lee

Clinical Assistant Professor

Yonsei University

Cough

The target Ce of remifentanil was determined by the response of the previous patient using Dixon's up-and-down method. If the patients did not cough throughout peri-extubation period, the extubation was defined as a smooth emergence, and the predetermined concentration of remifentanil for the subsequent patient was decreased by 0.5 ng ml-1. Similarly, if the patient cough anytime around extubation it was considered as failed smooth emergence and the predetermined concentration was increased by 0.5 ng ml-1 for the next patient. The patients were enrolled until getting at least six cross-over pairs in Dixon sequential allocation method.

Dixon up-and-down method

Severance Hospital

The Effect-site Concentration of Remifentanil for Preventing Cough During Emergence From Balanced Anesthesia for Nasal Surgery

Cough is defined as a strong and sudden contraction of the abdomen or forced exhalation movement.

Cough occurrence and number are recorded according to the grading system as follow; Grade 0 - no cough Grade 1 - light (single) cough Grade 2 - moderate cough (more than 1 episode of non-sustained cough) Grade 3 - sustained and repetitive cough movement and head lift.

antitussives/krwotok

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia

Safety and Efficacy of Tramadol in COVID-19 Egyptian Patients

Efficacy of Propofol vs Placebo in the Prevention of Coughing During Emergence of General Anesthesia Under Desflurane

Antitussive Effect of Single-dose Dexmedetomidine With Low-dose Remifentanil Infusion

The Effect-site Concentration of Remifentanil for Preventing Cough During Emergence From Balanced Anesthesia for Nasal Surgery

Methylphenidate Studies for Drug Abuse Vulnerability Molecular Genentics

Najbardziej kompletna baza danych ziół leczniczych poparta naukowo