patients will receive 5ml of normal saline 0.9% topically 15 min before the expected end of surgery.

patients will receive 5ml of bupivacaine 0.5% topically 15 min before the expected end of surgery.

Thyroid Diseases

5ml of normal saline 0.9% topically 15 min will be installed topically around the ETT using ordinary syringe before the expected end of the surgery, this will be followed by manual ventilation using about the double tidal volume for 6-8 times or more to get air bubbles distributed within the upper airway to anesthetize the oropharynx and spread around ETT to the adjacent mucosal structures (laryngopharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea) then the cuff will be inflated to the previous pressure and the patient will be mechanically ventilated as usual.

normal saline 0.9%

5 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% will be installed topically around the ETT using ordinary syringe before the expected end of the surgery, this will be followed by manual ventilation using about the double tidal volume for 6-8 times or more to get air bubbles distributed within the upper airway to anesthetize the oropharynx and spread around ETT to the adjacent mucosal structures (laryngopharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea) then the cuff will be inflated to the previous pressure and patient will be mechanically ventilated as usual.

Bupivacaine Hydrochloride

Faculty of medicine, zagazig university

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia In Patients Undergoing Elective Thyroidectomy. A Randomized Controlled Study

will be assessed as Grade 0: no cough; Grade 1: single cough with mild severity; Grade 2: cough lasting less than 5 s with moderate severity; Grade 3: sustained bouts of persistent cough more than 5 s.

removal of the endotracheal tube [ETT] while the patient is still in a deep plane of general anesthesia

will be assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) scale, On a scale of 0-10, the patient will learn to quantify postoperative sore throat pain where 0= No pain and 10= Maximum worst pain.

planned after the completion of the study and publication

Shereen Elsayed Abd Ellatif

principal investigator, lecturer

Zagazig University

The patients will be divided randomly by a computer-generated randomization table into two equal groups

double-blinded ( patient and outcome assessors)

Dextromethorphan hydrobromide: Participants instructed to take 60 mg dextromethorphan capsules orally two times a day for 24 months.

Dextromethorphan Hydrobromide

Sex: Female, Male

Retinal thickness was assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), a non-invasive imaging technique that uses long-wavelength light to capture micrometer-resolution cross-sectional images from biological tissue. The participant's eye that met the study eye eligibility criteria was selected as the study eye. For cases in which both eyes met the study eye eligibility criteria, the study eye was selected according to the "choice of study eye in cases of bilateral disease" selection criteria outlined in the eligibility criteria. The eye not chosen as the study eye is referred to as the "fellow eye."

Percentage Change in Retinal Thickness in the Study Eye at 6 Months Compared to Baseline

Retinal thickness was assessed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (Cirrus HD-OCT; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, CA), a non-invasive imaging technique that uses long-wavelength light to capture micrometer-resolution cross-sectional images from biological tissue. Changes in OCT will be calculated using the ETDRS grid. Attention will be directed to changes in retinal thickness as measured by OCT in each of the 9 subfields of the grid.

Percentage Change in Retinal Thickness in the Study Eye at 12 Months Compared to Baseline

Percentage Change in Retinal Thickness in the Study Eye at 18 Months Compared to Baseline

Percentage Change in Retinal Thickness in the Study Eye at 24 Months Compared to Baseline

Visual acuity was measured using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol. Acuity is measured as letters read on an ETDRS eye chart and the letters read equate to Snellen measurements. For example, if a participant reads between 84 and 88 letters, the equivalent Snellen measurement is 20/20.

Change in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) in the Study Eye at 6 Months Compared to Baseline

Change in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) in the Study Eye at 12 Months Compared to Baseline

Change in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) in the Study Eye at 18 Months Compared to Baseline

Change in Best-corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) in the Study Eye at 24 Months Compared to Baseline

Fluorescein angiography (FA) images were obtained via a standard digital imaging system (OIS, Sacramento, CA) at baseline and at Month 6, Month 12, Month 18, and Month 24. Three retinal specialists independently graded the area of late fluorescein leakage (at approximately 10 minutes) using a region-of-interest tool in an image analysis software package (NIH ImageJ, Bethesda, MD).

Number of Study Eyes Demonstrating a Decrease in the Area of Late Leakage, as Measured by Fluorescein Angiography (FA), at 6 Months Compared to Baseline

Number of Study Eyes Demonstrating a Decrease in the Area of Late Leakage, as Measured by Fluorescein Angiography (FA), at 12 Months Compared to Baseline

Number of Study Eyes Demonstrating a Decrease in the Area of Late Leakage, as Measured by Fluorescein Angiography (FA), at 18 Months Compared to Baseline

Number of Study Eyes Demonstrating a Decrease in the Area of Late Leakage, as Measured by Fluorescein Angiography (FA), at 24 Months Compared to Baseline

Microperimetry was used to assess macular sensitivity.

Changes in Mean Macular Sensitivity in the Study Eye at 6 Months Compared to Baseline

Changes in Mean Macular Sensitivity in the Study Eye at 12 Months Compared to Baseline

Changes in Mean Macular Sensitivity in the Study Eye at 18 Months Compared to Baseline

Changes in Mean Macular Sensitivity in the Study Eye at 24 Months Compared to Baseline

Number of Participants Withdrawn From the Study Therapy Due to Vision Loss or Adverse Events

Overall Study

Catherine Cukras, MD, PhD, Principal Investigator, NEI

Diabetic Macular Edema

Participants instructed to take 60 mg dextromethorphan capsules orally two times a day for 24 months.

antitussives/obrzęk

Topical Bupivacaine Effect On The Response To Awake Extubation During Emergence From General Anesthesia

Dextromethorphan for Diabetic Macular Edema

Najbardziej kompletna baza danych ziół leczniczych poparta naukowo