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Transcatheter embolization has become the standard of care in the treatment of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations (PAVMs). PAVM embolization is performed to prevent right to left shunting which puts patients at risk of stroke, brain abscess, hypoxia and even sudden death. Despite long procedure
Iron is a vital substrate for hemoglobin production and sufficient iron stores are necessary to achieve and maintain adequate levels of hemoglobin. Unfortunately, more than one third of patients with cyanotic heart disease are iron-deficient (1),(2). In 1990, West et al, have demonstrated that more
Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia (GIAD, a.k.a. angioectasia, arteriovenous malformations or AVM, and vascular ectasia) are mucosal or submucosal dilated blood vessels lined by epithelium with no overlying mucosal lesion formed due to a combination of sub-mucosal vein obstruction, hypoxemia and
BACKGROUND Radiation Necrosis: Stereotactic radiosurgery has become integral in treatment of brain tumors and arteriovenous malformations (AVM). In up to 10% of cases, this can lead to radiation necrosis (RN) with significant surrounding vasogenic edema and mass effect. Medical treatment for RN
It is well known that the lung is the site at which oxygen enters the blood stream, diffusing from the alveolar air sacs into the pulmonary capillaries. This newly oxygenated blood is carried to the heart in the pulmonary veins, then passes into the systemic circulation to provide oxygen to the