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Comparison of glucose and a glucose polymer for testing oral carbohydrate tolerance in pregnancy.

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Forty-six pregnant patients with potential diabetes were studied to compare the use of glucose and a glucose polymer for carbohydrate tolerance testing. The first 26 patients had a glucose tolerance test and a glucose polymer tolerance test in randomized order an average of one week apart. The mean

Strong potential for baroreflex-governed sympathetic outflow revealed during nausea.

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Muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was recorded in two patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. As expected, they exhibited a high level of MSNA at rest, with an inverse weak response to different maneuvers normally eliciting strong increase in MSNA. About 30 min after the intake of a

Sitagliptin: new drug. Type 2 diabetes: limited efficacy, too many unknown risks.

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(1) Many drugs are available for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but only metformin and glibenclamide have a proven impact on morbidity and mortality outcomes (only morbidity in the case of glibenclamide). If monotherapy with one of these drugs is inadequately effective, there is a choice of

Exenatide and liraglutide: different approaches to develop GLP-1 receptor agonists (incretin mimetics)--preclinical and clinical results.

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The GLP-1 analogues exenatide and liraglutide stimulate insulin secretion and inhibit glucagon output in a glucose-dependent manner, slow gastric emptying and decrease appetite. The injectable glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exenatide significantly improves glycaemic control, with

Acute renal failure after large doses of intravenous immune globulin.

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OBJECTIVE To describe a case of acute renal failure after high-dose intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) therapy and the measures undertaken to prevent this complication during subsequent administration. METHODS A 54-year-old white man with valvular cardiomyopathy was receiving large doses (2 g/kg/mo)

Diabetes mellitus: anaesthetic management.

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As the incidence of diabetes mellitus continues to increase in the United Kingdom, more diabetic patients will present for both elective and emergency surgery. Whilst the underlying pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes differs, there is much good evidence that controlling the blood glucose

Glucose-lowering treatment of type 2 diabetes. Part II--Glucose-lowering drugs after metformin: a choice based largely on adverse effects.

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Metformin alone is the glucose-lowering drug of first choice for patients with type 2 diabetes. None of the other glucose-lowering drugs available in 2014 have any proven efficacy in preventing diabetes complications. How important are adverse effects in the choice of glucose-lowering alternatives

[Pseudotumor cerebri secondary to Behçet disease. Report of one case].

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The classical manifestations of Behçet disease are mouth ana genital ulcers, cutaneous lesions ana ocular involvement. The central nervous system is affected in 5 to 59% of the cases, usually in the form of meningoencephalitis or sinus venous thrombosis. We report a 17-year-old femóle presenting

Novel therapeutics for type 2 diabetes: incretin hormone mimetics (glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists) and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors.

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Known treatments of type 2 diabetes mellitus have limitations such as weight gain, and hypoglycaemias. A new perspective is the use of incretin hormones and incretin enhancers. Incretins are defined as being responsible for the higher insulin release after an oral glucose load compared to an

Comparison of liraglutide versus other incretin-related anti-hyperglycaemic agents.

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The two classes of incretin-related therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have become important treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes. Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and linagliptin, the available DPP-4

Clinical experience and pharmacological effects of an oral contraceptive containing 20 micrograms oestrogen.

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The performance of a new low-dose oral contraceptive (Mercilon) containing only 20 micrograms ethinyloestradiol combined with 150 micrograms desogestrel is reviewed. Eight multicentre clinical trials have been completed and provide information on 10,672 women studied over 73,477 cycles. The high

An extramedullary foramen magnum cavernous malformation presenting with acute subarachnoid hemorrhage: case report and literature review.

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OBJECTIVE This case summarizes our experience with the first described intradural extramedullary cavernous malformation at the foramen magnum and reminds the neurosurgical community to consider cavernous malformations in the differential diagnosis for subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS A 21-year-old

Partial blockade of Kv2.1 channel potentiates GLP-1's insulinotropic effects in islets and reduces its dose required for improving glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetic male mice.

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Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based medicines have recently been widely used to treat type 2 diabetic patients, whereas adverse effects of nausea and vomiting have been documented. Inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) channel subtype Kv2.1 in pancreatic β-cells has been suggested to contribute to mild

Early clinical studies with liraglutide.

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OBJECTIVE To describe Phase 1 and 2 clinical trials of liraglutide with a focus on clinical pharmacology. RESULTS In early clinical trials of liraglutide, 0.05-1.9 mg daily improved multiple aspects of glycaemic control and beta-cell function. Early trials demonstrated typical reductions in glycated

Next-generation GLP-1 therapy: an introduction to liraglutide.

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Liraglutide, a once-daily human glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog, was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2010 for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glucagon-like peptide-1 enhances insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon in a glucose-dependent manner. The

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