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Crystal structure of Bacillus subtilis guanine deaminase: the first domain-swapped structure in the cytidine deaminase superfamily.

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Guanine deaminase, a key enzyme in the nucleotide metabolism, catalyzes the hydrolytic deamination of guanine into xanthine. The crystal structure of the 156-residue guanine deaminase from Bacillus subtilis has been solved at 1.17-A resolution. Unexpectedly, the C-terminal segment is swapped to form

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase mRNA expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma-derived cell lines is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines.

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Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) induces cytosine deamination to generate somatic hypermutation and class switch recombnation in immunoglobulin genes. AID expression is upregulated by inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, which in turn induce p53

31P NMR studies of cultured human tumor cells. Influence of pH on phospholipid metabolite levels and the detection of cytidine 5'-diphosphate choline.

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202 MHz 31P NMR (11.7 T) was used to study the effects of culture medium pH on the levels of phosphate metabolites in three human tumor cell lines (XP29MAmal, a malignant xeroderma pigmentosum; CX-1, a colon carcinoma; KB, a squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity). Cells were cultured in Roux

Migration into pseudo-follicles of draining lymph nodes of medullary small thymocytes injected in the mediastinal cavity.

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After an intramediastinal injection of labelled thymic cells, few cells were found in the pseudo-follicles of the draining nodes while the extrafollicular zone of their cortex contained abundant labelled cells (Sainte-Marie and Peng, in press). We proposed that the cells having migrated into the

Role of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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OBJECTIVE In humans, activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) expression results due to inflammation and this deaminase activity is also involved in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between AID expression and the clinical classification of oral cancer

A four-helix bundle DNA nanostructure with binding pockets for pyrimidine nucleotides.

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Designed DNA nanostructures of impressive size have been described, but designed structures of the size of protein enzymes that bind organic ligands with high specificity are rare. Here we report a four-helix motif consisting of three synthetic strands with 65 base pairs and 165 nucleotides in total

Crystal structure of tRNA adenosine deaminase (TadA) from Aquifex aeolicus.

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The bacterial tRNA adenosine deaminase (TadA) generates inosine by deaminating the adenosine residue at the wobble position of tRNA(Arg-2). This modification is essential for the decoding system. In this study, we determined the crystal structure of Aquifex aeolicus TadA at a 1.8-A resolution. This

Differential gene expression profiles of scirrhous gastric cancer cells with high metastatic potential to peritoneum or lymph nodes.

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Scirrhous gastric cancer is often accompanied by metastasis to the peritoneum and/or lymph nodes, resulting in the highest mortality rate among gastric cancers. Mechanisms involved in gastric cancer metastasis are not fully clarified because metastasis involves multiple steps and requires the

Development of Dipicolylamine-Modified Cyclodextrins for the Design of Selective Guest-Responsive Receptors for ATP.

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The construction of supramolecular recognition systems based on specific host-guest interactions has been studied in order to design selective chemical sensors. In this study, guest-responsive receptors for ATP have been designed with cyclodextrins (CyDs) as a basic prototype of the turn-on type

Parathymic lymph node: oriented proliferative response of the murine thymic cortex to intraperitoneal stimulation.

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This study was designed to answer the question if a primary immune response elicited in parathymic lymph nodes would influence the proliferative activity in the neighboring thymic cortex. Young adult mice were stimulated by an injection of aluminum phosphate-adsorbed tetanus toxoid into the

Synovial fluid interleukin-8 and neutrophil function in rheumatoid arthritis and seronegative polyarthritis.

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The relationships between synovial fluid (SF) interleukin-8 (IL-8) and neutrophil turnover as measured by cytidine deaminase (CD), and SF metabolites were studied in 28 patients, 16 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA; median age and disease duration 62 and 14 yr, respectively) and 12 with seronegative

Specific reactions of S-nitrosothiols with cysteine hydrolases: A comparative study between dimethylargininase-1 and CTP synthetase.

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S-Transnitrosation is an important bioregulatory process whereby NO(+) equivalents are transferred between S-nitrosothiols and Cys of target proteins. This reaction proceeds through a common intermediate R-S-N(O(-))-S-R' and it has been proposed that products different from S-nitrosothiols may be

Sustained delivery of cytarabine-loaded vesicular phospholipid gels for treatment of xenografted glioma.

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This study described the development of vesicular phospholipid gels (VPGs) for sustained delivery of cytarabine (Ara-C) for the treatment of xenografted glioma. Ara-C-loaded VPGs in the state of a semisolid phospholipid dispersion looked like numerous vesicles tightly packing together under the

Detection of non-papillary, non-invasive transitional cell G1 carcinoma as revealed by increased DNA instability and other cancer markers.

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The method to reveal DNA-instability as demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytidine antibody after acid hydrolysis (DNA-instability test) was used as a marker of malignancy. The test was applied to paraffin-embedded sections taken from 15 urinary bladders, renal pelvic cavities,

Interaction of pathogenic Neisseria with host defenses. What happens in vivo?

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N. gonorrhoeae initiates infection by adhering to and invading columnar epithelial cells. Over time these activities often induce inflammation, with the influx of neutrophils and serum into the urethral lumen, cervical os, conjunctiva, and the like. At least some of these infected niches contain

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