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Regression of human breast tumor xenografts in response to (E)-2'-deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene)cytidine, an inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase.

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(E)-2'-Deoxy-2'-(fluoromethylene)cytidine (MDL 101,731) is a mechanism-based inhibitor of ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase (J. Stubbe, personal communication), an enzyme involved in DNA synthesis and therefore a potential target for cancer chemotherapy. In the present report, we show that MDL

Overexpression of Uridine-Cytidine Kinase 2 Correlates with Breast Cancer Progression and Poor Prognosis.

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OBJECTIVE Uridine-cytidine kinase (UCK) 2 is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the salvage pathway of pyrimidine-nucleotide biosynthesis. Recent studies have shown that UCK2 is overexpressed in many types of cancer and may play a crucial role in activating antitumor prodrugs in human cancer cells.

Cytidine Deaminase Axis Modulated by miR-484 Differentially Regulates Cell Proliferation and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer.

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There has been little study of how the evolution of chemoresistance in cancer affects other aspects of disease pathogenesis. Here, we show that an important chemoresistance axis driven by cytidine deaminase (CDA) also acts to suppress cell-cycle progression by regulating cyclin E-CDK2 signaling. We

Intestinal absorption mechanisms of 2'-deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine, a cytidine analog for AIDS treatment, and its interaction with P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein.

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2'-Deoxy-2'-β-fluoro-4'-azidocytidine (FNC), a cytidine analog, has attracted great interest because of its potent activity against wild-type and multidrug-resistant HIV. The purpose of current study was to investigate the absorption mechanisms of FNC in the small intestine, as well as the

Cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase enhances invasion of human triple-negative breast cancer cells.

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UNASSIGNED Cancer cells have altered bioenergetics, which contributes to their ability to proliferate, survive in unusual microenvironments, and invade other tissues. Changes in glucose metabolism can have pleomorphic effects on tumor cells. UNASSIGNED To investigate potential mechanisms responsible

APOBEC3B-Mediated Cytidine Deamination Is Required for Estrogen Receptor Action in Breast Cancer.

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Estrogen receptor α (ERα) is the key transcriptional driver in a large proportion of breast cancers. We report that APOBEC3B (A3B) is required for regulation of gene expression by ER and acts by causing C-to-U deamination at ER binding regions. We show that these C-to-U changes lead to the

Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus events and expression of activation-induced cytidine deaminase in epithelial breast cancer cell lines.

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When cells transform, phenotypic and genetic profiles can be dramatically altered. Nevertheless, a recent report identifying IgG in breast cancer cells was unexpected, revealing differentiation features normally associated with B lymphocytes. To extend these findings, we focused on immunoglobulin

APOBEC3A is a prominent cytidine deaminase in breast cancer.

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APOBEC cytidine deaminases are the second-most prominent source of mutagenesis in sequenced tumors. Previous studies have proposed that APOBEC3B (A3B) is the major source of mutagenesis in breast cancer (BRCA). We show that APOBEC3A (A3A) is the only APOBEC whose expression correlates with

MDR1 promoter hypermethylation in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells: changes in chromatin structure induced by treatment with 5-Aza-cytidine.

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Resistance to the cytotoxic actions of antineoplastic drugs, whether intrinsic or acquired, remains a barrier to the establishment of curative chemotherapy regimens for advanced breast cancer. Over-expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), encoded by the MDR1 gene and known to mediate resistance to many

APOBEC3B expression in drug resistant MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines.

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APOBEC3B belongs to a protein family of cytidine deaminases that can insert mutations in DNA and RNA as a result of their ability to deaminate cytidine to uridine. It has been shown that APOBEC3B-catalysed deamination provides a chronic source of DNA damage in breast cancers. We investigated

Differential proteomic analysis of a highly metastatic variant of human breast cancer cells using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis.

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Distant metastasis represents the major lethal cause of breast cancer. To understand the molecular mechanisms of breast cancer metastasis and identify markers with metastatic potential, we established a highly metastatic variant of parental MDA-MB-231 cells (MDA-MB-231HM). Using two-dimensional

APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in double-strand DNA break repair and cancer promotion.

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High frequency of cytidine to thymidine conversions was identified in the genome of several types of cancer cells. In breast cancer cells, these mutations are clustered in long DNA regions associated with single-strand DNA (ssDNA), double-strand DNA breaks (DSB), and genomic rearrangements. The

Phase II studies of gemcitabine and cisplatin in heavily and minimally pretreated metastatic breast cancer.

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OBJECTIVE Cisplatin and gemcitabine have single-agent activity in metastatic breast cancer, and preclinical data support synergy of the combination. Two parallel, phase II trials were conducted to evaluate the response rate, response duration, and toxicities of the combination. Genetic polymorphisms

Promoter methylation reduces C/EBPdelta (CEBPD) gene expression in the SUM-52PE human breast cancer cell line and in primary breast tumors.

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CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Proteins (C/EBPs) are a highly conserved family of leucine zipper proteins that regulate cell growth and differentiation. C/EBPdelta functions in the initiation and maintenance of mammary epithelial cell G(0) growth arrest and 'loss of function' alterations in C/EBPdelta gene

Can thymidine kinase levels in breast tumors predict disease recurrence?

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BACKGROUND Our previous study of thymidine kinase (TK) levels in the serum of breast cancer patients demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation with cancer stage. In postsurgical follow-up studies of 20 patients with primary breast cancer, total serum TK levels rose with disease

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