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Triterpenoids from the leaves of Diospyros kaki (persimmon) and their inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B.

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Phytochemical study on a methanol-soluble extract of the leaves of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) resulted in the isolation of two new ursane-type triterpenoids, 3alpha,19alpha-dihydroxyurs-12,20(30)-dien-24,28-dioic acid (1) and 3alpha,19alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-24,28-dioic acid (2), together with 12

Tyrosine and catecholamine metabolism in wild-type Drosophila melanogaster and a mutant, ebony.

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Effect of five triterpenoid compounds isolated from leaves of Diospyros kaki on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

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BACKGROUND The crude drug "kaki-yô" is a traditional medicine used in Japan as a hypotensive drug. METHODS The effect of five triterpenoid compounds, isolated from leaves of Diospyros kaki on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of protein in human

Effect of five flavonoid compounds isolated from leaves of Diospyros kaki on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of proteins in human neutrophils.

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BACKGROUND The crude drug "kaki-yô" is a traditional medicine used in Japan as a hypotensive drug. METHODS The effect of five flavonoid compounds isolated from the leaves of Diospyros kaki was investigated on the stimulus-induced superoxide generation and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of

Melanin-synthesis enzymes coregulate stage-specific larval cuticular markings in the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus.

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Like the adult wing, butterfly larvae are unique in their coloring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation of insect larval color patterns are largely unknown. The larva of the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus changes its color pattern markedly during the 4th ecdysis. We

Regulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone on the larval pigmentation and the expression of melanin synthesis enzymes and yellow gene of the swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus.

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The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, changes its larval body pattern dramatically during the fourth ecdysis. Cuticular pigmentation occurs with precise timing just before ecdysis. We previously found that the cuticular pigmentation was regulated by three melanin synthesis genes, tyrosine

Industrial melanism in the peppered moth is not associated with genetic variation in canonical melanisation gene candidates.

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Industrial melanism in the peppered moth (Biston betularia) is an iconic case study of ecological genetics but the molecular identity of the gene determining the difference between the typical and melanic (carbonaria) morphs is entirely unknown. We applied the candidate gene approach to look for

Drosophila wing melanin patterns form by vein-dependent elaboration of enzymatic prepatterns.

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BACKGROUND Animal melanin patterns are involved in diverse aspects of their ecology, from thermoregulation to mimicry. Many theoretical models have simulated pigment patterning, but little is known about the developmental mechanisms of color pattern formation. In Drosophila melanogaster, several

Pharmacological activity of compounds extracted from persimmon peel (Diospyros kaki THUNB.).

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Persimmon peels (Diospyros kaki THUNB.) are discarded during the production of dried fruit. The 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (8) which is component of persimmon peel had high antioxidant activity on the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay and SOD (superoxide dismutase) assay.

Quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranoside suppresses melanin synthesis by augmenting p38 MAPK and CREB signaling pathways and subsequent cAMP down-regulation in murine melanoma cells.

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In this study, the effect of purified quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-d-glucopyranosid (QCGG) on melanogenesis was investigated. QCGG was isolated from the calyx of a traditional Korean medicinal herb, Persimmon (Diospyros kaki). The hypopigmentation effects of QCGG were determined by

Interaction of dopamine, female pheromones, locomotion and sex behavior in Drosophila melanogaster.

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The regulation of female hydrocarbons and courtship behavior by dopamine and their relationship with locomotion, were investigated in Drosophila melanogaster. Ddc mutants and wild-type female flies treated with tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitors (alpha-methyltyrosine or 3-iodotyrosine) had fewer diene

Hepatic gene expression of the insulin signaling pathway is altered by administration of persimmon peel extract: a DNA microarray study using type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.

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Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is a very popular fruit in East Asian countries, but its peels are not consumed despite the fact that they contain many antioxidants such as carotenoids and polyphenols. We prepared a fat-soluble extract from persimmon peel (PP) and fed type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK)

The effect of mutations altering biogenic amine metabolism in Drosophila on viability and the response to environmental stresses.

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Dopamine (DA) content, tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) activity and survival were studied under normal and environmental stress conditions in the ste and e strains carrying ebony mutation increasing DA level and the octopamineless strain Tbetah(nM18) of Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type strains Canton

The TSC1/2 complex controls Drosophila pigmentation through TORC1-dependent regulation of catecholamine biosynthesis.

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In Drosophila, the pattern of adult pigmentation is initiated during late pupal stages by the production of catecholamines DOPA and dopamine, which are converted to melanin. The pattern and degree of melanin deposition is controlled by the expression of genes such as ebony and yellow as well as by

Catecholamine-beta-alanyl ligase in the medfly Ceratitis capitata.

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Dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) derivatives play an important role in the sclerotization and pigmentation of insect cuticles by serving as precursors for cuticular cross-linking. Protein preparations from prepupae of the medfly, Ceratitis capitata, were able to conjugate beta-alanine with DA

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