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It is known that the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins) are effective in both the primary and the secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease. Increasing evidence indicates that statins have protective effects in several neurological diseases including
We assessed the clinical characteristics and efficacy of neurotransmitters and levetiracetam in a patient with hyperphenylalaninemia due to dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR) deficiency who developed epileptic seizures. A boy with DHPR deficiency, who had been successfully treated with
Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), an enzyme for DNA synthesis, was recently used as a marker of proliferating cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone in normal adult mammalian brains. However, the duration of RNR expression in normal adult brain and the expression pattern of RNR in the
Sex steroids can influence seizures. Estrogen (E(2)), progesterone (P(4)), and its metabolite, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP), in particular, have received much attention for exerting these effects. Typically, it is thought that E(2) precipitates seizures, and progestogens, such
BACKGROUND
Elevated homocysteine plasma levels are considered as a risk factor for the occurrence of seizures during alcohol withdrawal. Homocysteine plasma concentrations seem to be influenced by the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T-polymorphism. It was investigated whether the
Redox modulation of cysteine residues is one of the post-translational modifications of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Protein disulfide isomerases (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone, plays a crucial role in catalyzing disulfide bond formation, reduction, and isomerization. In
Hyperphenylalaninemia in infants and children may be caused by a deficiency of dihydropteridine reductase (DHPR). Recommended therapy includes folinic acid as a source of tetrahydrofolate, a phenylalanine-restricted diet, and both dopamine and serotonin precursors. We report a child with progressive
Glutaric acidemia type I (GA-I) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by accumulation of glutaric acid (GA) and seizures. The intrastriatal GA administration in rats has been used as an animal model to mimic seizures presented by glutaric acidemic patients. m-Trifluoromethyl diphenyl
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency is the most prevalent inborn error of folate metabolism, and has variable clinical manifestations from asymptomatic to severe psychomotor retardation, microcephalus and seizure. In untreated infantile cases, it predominantly affects the
Anticonvulsant properties of α-asarone were studied in mice at three doses with different toxicity. The 100mg/kg dose decreased both treadmill performance and locomotor activity, caused hypothermia, and potentiated pentobarbital-induced sleep. The last two effects and no toxicity were observed at 60
Progesterone is an effective anticonvulsant against pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) seizures. This action is hypothesized to require the metabolic conversion of progesterone to the gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor potentiating neuroactive steroid allopregnanolone by 5alpha-reductase isoenzymes followed by
Fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is known to increase the cortical content of allopregnanolone (ALLO) without altering the level of other neurosteroids. In contrast to the proconvulsant effect of many antidepressants, fluoxetine exhibits anticonvulsant effects. The present study
The progesterone derivative allopregnanolone (ALLO) rapidly potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) (GABA(A)) receptor mediated inhibition. The present studies determined whether specific manipulation of neurosteroid levels in the hippocampus would alter seizure susceptibility in an animal model
Primary hyperoxaluria is a congenital innate error of the metabolism of the amino acids, that is transmitted like an autosomal recessive character. Two types of hyperoxaluria exist: the primary type I, that corresponds to the peroxisomal enzymatic deficit of the alanine glyoxylate aminotransferase
BACKGROUND
Allopregnanolone (ALLO) is a potent positive modulator of γ-aminobutyric acidA receptors (GABAA Rs) that affects ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal. Finasteride (FIN), a 5α-reductase inhibitor that blocks the formation of ALLO and other GABAergic neurosteroids, alters EtOH sensitivity. Recently,