Nephroprotection of punicalagin in rat model of endotoxemic acute kidney injury.

The potential nephroprotection of punicalagin (PNG) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury in rats was investigated. Rats received a single i.v. dose of LPS (5 mg/kg), and treated with PNG (50 mg/kg, i.p.), 1 h before, and 1 h following LPS administration. LPS caused significant increases of serum creatinine and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. LPS also resulted in significant increases in interleukin-18, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, caspases 3, 8 and 9 activities, and a significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity in kidney tissues. PNG significantly ameliorated the alterations in the measured parameters. Additionally, PNG attenuated the histopathological injury and reduced kidney injury molecule-1 expression in kidneys of rats that received LPS. It was concluded that PNG ameliorated endotoxemic acute kidney injury in rats by counteracting inflammation, oxidative/nitrative stress and apoptosis.