Refractory renal hyperparathyroidism: clinical features and outcome of surgical therapy.

Despite improvements in medical management parathyroidectomy has an important role in treatment of refractory renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT). The medical records of all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1991 through 2000 were reviewed to determine the clinical and laboratory features and outcomes of treatment in patients with renal versus primary HPT. Twenty-one of 92 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy had renal HPT with a mean age of 47+/-3 years compared with 56+/-2 years for patients with primary HPT (P < 0.05). Clinical manifestations included osteodystrophy (19), pruritus (six), extraosseous calcification (three), and calciphylaxis (one). Parathyroid hormone, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels and weights of excised glands were higher in renal versus primary HPT (P < 0.05). Supernumerary glands were found in three patients (14%) with renal HPT and none of nine patients with primary parathyroid hyperplasia. After surgical therapy persistent or recurrent HPT occurred in three (14%) patients with renal and one (1.4%) patient with primary HPT (P < 0.05). Postoperative hypocalcemia occurred in 20 (95%) patients with renal HPT all of whom required intravenous calcium, compared with 25 (35%) patients with primary HPT (P < 0.05) of whom only three (4%) required intravenous calcium (P < 0.05). In contrast to those with primary HPT patients with renal HPT are younger and more likely to have severe osteodystrophy, postoperative hypocalcemia, and persistent or recurrent HPT.