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Studies on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis induced by polyetherurethane in rats: production of superoxide, tumor necrosis factor, and interleukin 1 from macrophages cultured on different polyetherurethanes.

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Interaction of macrophages (Mos) with polyetherurethane (PEU) was investigated to clarify the role of the Mos in the early stage of tumorigenesis of PEUs. As for the inflammatory cytokines produced from Mos, the amount of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) produced on three PEUs (PU-4, 6, and 8) was

The effects of acetaldehyde and 2,3-butanediol on rat embryos developing in vitro.

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The embryotoxicity of two ethanol metabolites, acetaldehyde and 2,3-butanediol, have been examined in cultured 10-day Albino Wistar rat embryos over a 2-day period. At acetaldehyde concentrations of 100 and 260 microM, no significant effects were observed on embryonic protein, DNA, somite

Inhibitory Effects of Chemical Compounds Isolated from the Rhizome of Smilax glabra on Nitric Oxide and Tumor Necrosis Factor- α Production in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced RAW264.7 Cell.

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The rhizome of Smilax glabra has been used for a long time as both food and folk medicine in many countries. The present study focused on the active constituents from the rhizome of S. glabra, which possess potential anti-inflammatory activities. As a result, nine known compounds were isolated from

NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Tetrahydrofuran (CAS No. 109-99-9) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies).

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Tetrahydrofuran is used as a reaction medium for Grignard and metal hydride reactions; in the synthesis of butyrolactone, succinic acid, and 1,4-butanediol diacelate; in the fabrication of articles for packaging, transporting, and storing of foods; as a solvent for dyes and lacquers; and as a

Mechanism of ketone-induced protection from acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in the rat.

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The effects of ketones on acetaminophen metabolism and hepatotoxicity were investigated in male rats. Ketosis was produced by oral administration of either acetone or 1,3-butanediol. Histologic studies revealed that both ketogenic agents conferred protection from acetaminophen-induced liver

Differential responses of human dendritic cells to metabolites from the oral/airway microbiome.

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Small molecule metabolites that are produced or altered by host-associated microbial communities are emerging as significant immune response modifiers. However, there is a key gap in our knowledge of how oral microbial metabolites affect the immune response. Here, we examined the effects of

Suppressed induction of proinflammatory cytokines by a unique metabolite produced by Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor biotype in cultured host cells.

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Vibrio cholerae O1 has two biotypes, El Tor and Classical, and the latter is now presumed to be extinct in nature. Under carbohydrate-rich growth conditions, El Tor biotype strains produce the neutral fermentation end product 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD), which prevents accumulation of organic acids from

Ketone Bodies Attenuate Wasting in Models of Atrophy.

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Cancer Anorexia Cachexia Syndrome (CACS) is a distinct atrophy disease negatively influencing multiple aspects of clinical care and patient quality of life. Although it directly causes 20% of all cancer-related deaths, there are currently no model systems that encompass the entire

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