antheraxanthin/arabidopsis thaliana

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Xanthophyll biosynthetic mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana: altered nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence is due to changes in Photosystem II antenna size and stability.

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Xanthophylls (oxygen derivatives of carotenes) are essential components of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Lutein, the most abundant xanthophyll, is attached primarily to the bulk antenna complex, light-harvesting complex (LHC) II. We have used mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana that selectively

Photosynthetic properties of an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant possessing a defective PsbS gene.

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We describe the properties of npq4-9, a new mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. with reduced nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity that possesses a single amino acid substitution in the PsbS gene encoding PSII-S, a ubiquitous pigment-binding protein associated with photosystem II (PSII)

A mutational analysis of the ABA1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana highlights the involvement of ABA in vegetative development.

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Much of the literature on the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) describes it as a mediator in triggering plant responses to environmental stimuli, as well as a growth inhibitor. ABA-deficient mutants, however, display a stunted phenotype even under well-watered conditions and high relative humidity,

A nonphotochemical-quenching-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana possessing normal pigment composition and xanthophyll-cycle activity.

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Higher-plant chloroplasts alter the distribution of absorbed radiant energy between photosynthesis and heat formation in response to changing illumination level or environmental stress. Fluorescence imaging was used to screen 62 yellow-green T-DNA insertion mutant lines of Arabidopsis thaliana (L.)

Photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, light-harvesting system and photoinhibition resistance of a zeaxanthin-accumulating mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.

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The abscisic-acid-deficient aba-1 mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana is unable to epoxidize zeaxanthin. As a consequence, it contains large amounts of this carotenoid and lacks epoxy-xanthophylls. HPLC analysis of pigment contents in leaves, isolated thylakoids and preparations of the major

An Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, altered in the γ-subunit of ATP synthase, has a different pattern of intensity-dependent changes in non-photochemical quenching and kinetics of the P-to-S fluorescence decay

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A major photoprotective mechanism that plants employ against excess light involves interplay between the xanthophyll cycle and the accumulation of protons. Using mutants in the xanthophyll cycle, the roles of violaxanthin, antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin have already been well established. In this

Xanthophyll cycle-dependent nonphotochemical quenching in Photosystem II: Mechanistic insights gained from Arabidopsis thaliana L. mutants that lack violaxanthin deepoxidase activity and/or lutein.

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This study compares Photosystem II (PS II) chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence yield changes of Arabidopsis thaliana L. nuclear gene mutants, thoughtfully provided by the authors of Pogson et al. (1998 Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95: 13324-13329). One single mutant (npq1) inhibits the violaxanthin

Effect of chlorophyll reduction in Arabidopsis thaliana by methyl jasmonate or norflurazon on antioxidant systems.

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Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and norflurazon (NF) treatments resulted in a substantial decrease in photosynthetic activities and chlorophylls (Chls) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants, causing a senescence-like yellowing and a bleaching in MeJA- and NF-treated plants, respectively. Non-radiative energy

Lutein accumulation in the absence of zeaxanthin restores nonphotochemical quenching in the Arabidopsis thaliana npq1 mutant.

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Plants protect themselves from excess absorbed light energy through thermal dissipation, which is measured as nonphotochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ). The major component of NPQ, qE, is induced by high transthylakoid DeltapH in excess light and depends on the xanthophyll cycle,

New transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana with partly disabled zeaxanthin epoxidase activity displays changed carotenoid composition, xanthophyll cycle activity and non-photochemical quenching kinetics.

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Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZE, E.C. 1.14.13.90), an enzyme belonging to the lipocalin superfamily, catalyses the conversion of zeaxanthin to antheraxanthin and violaxanthin. These reactions are part of the xanthophyll biosynthetic pathway and the xanthophyll cycle. The role of carotenoids in the

The ABA1 gene and carotenoid biosynthesis are required for late skotomorphogenic growth in Arabidopsis thaliana.

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Several plant hormones, including auxin, brassinosteroids and gibberellins, are required for skotomorphogenesis, which is the etiolated growth that seedlings undergo in the absence of light. To examine the growth of abscisic acid (ABA)-deficient mutants in the dark, we analysed several aba1

Photosystem II Regulation and Dynamics of the Chloroplast D1 Protein in Arabidopsis Leaves during Photosynthesis and Photoinhibition.

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Arabidopsis thaliana leaves were examined in short-term (1 h) and long-term (10 h) irradiance experiments involving growth, saturating and excess light. Changes in photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and in populations of functional photosystem II (PSII) centers were independently

Overexpression of violaxanthin de-epoxidase: properties of C-terminal deletions on activity and pH-dependent lipid binding.

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Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VDE) is localized in the thylakoid lumen and catalyzes the de-epoxidation of violaxanthin to form antheraxanthin and zeaxanthin. VDE is predicted to be a lipocalin protein with a central barrel structure flanked by a cysteine-rich N-terminal domain and a glutamate-rich

The role of lutein in the acclimation of higher plant chloroplast membranes to suboptimal conditions.

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Two mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana deficient in lutein have been investigated with respect to their responses to growth under a range of suboptimal conditions. The first mutant, lut1, was enriched in violaxanthin, antheraxanthin, zeaxanthin and zeinoxanthin compared with the wild-type (WT). In the

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase is rate-limiting for non-photochemical quenching under subsaturating light or during chilling in Arabidopsis.

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In response to conditions of excess light energy, plants induce non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) as a protective mechanism to prevent over reduction of photosystem II and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The xanthophyll cycle, which contributes significantly to reversible NPQ to

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