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ginkgolide j/ginkgo
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Three ginkgolide hydrates from Ginkgo biloba L.: ginkgolide A monohydrate, ginkgolide C sesquihydrate and ginkgolide J dihydrate, all determined at 120 K.
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A low-temperature structure of ginkgolide A monohydrate, (1R,3S,3aS,4R,6aR,7aR,7bR,8S,10aS,11aS)-3-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hexahydro-4,7b-dihydroxy-8-methyl-9H-1,7a-epoxymethano-1H,6aH-cyclopenta[c]furo[2,3-b]furo[3',2':3,4]cyclopenta[1,2-d]furan-5,9,12(4H)-trione monohydrate, C(20)H(24)O(9) x H(2)O,
Isoform-selective activation of human constitutive androstane receptor by Ginkgo biloba extract: functional analysis of the SV23, SV24, and SV25 splice variants.
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Naturally occurring splice variants of human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) exist, including hCAR-SV23 (insertion of amino acids SPTV), hCAR-SV24 (APYLT), and hCAR-SV25 (SPTV and APYLT). An extract of Ginkgo biloba was reported to activate hCAR-SV24 and the wild type (hCAR-WT). However, it
Pharmacological studies supporting the therapeutic use of Ginkgo biloba extract for Alzheimer's disease.
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The standardized Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761(definition see editorial) has been shown to produce neuroprotective effects in different in vivo and in vitro models. Since EGb 761 is a complex mixture containing flavonoid glycosides, terpene lactones (non-flavone fraction) and various other
Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba extract as an activator of human glucocorticoid receptor.
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BACKGROUND
Ginkgo biloba, which is one of the most frequently used herbal medicines, is commonly used in the management of several conditions, including memory impairment. Previously, it was reported to decrease the expression of peripheral benzodiazepine receptor and the biosynthesis of
Human pregnane X receptor agonism by Ginkgo biloba extract: assessment of the role of individual ginkgolides.
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Ginkgo biloba extract activates pregnane X receptor (PXR), but how this occurs is not known. Therefore, we investigated the mechanism of PXR activation by the extract and the role of five individual terpene trilactones in the activation. In a cell-based reporter gene assay, G. biloba extract
Distinct role of bilobalide and ginkgolide A in the modulation of rat CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 gene expression by Ginkgo biloba extract in cultured hepatocytes.
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In the present study, primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were treated for 48 h with one of several extracts of Ginkgo biloba (10, 100, or 1000 microg/ml). Maximal increase in CYP2B1 and CYP3A23 mRNA levels was obtained at 100 microg/ml. This concentration of G. biloba extract also increased CYP3A2
Ginkgo biloba leaf extract reverses amyloid beta-peptide-induced isoprostane production in rat brain in vitro.
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Isoprostanes are prostaglandin (PG) isomers generated from oxygen radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid, which are reliable markers of membrane oxidative damage. Aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant detoxification pathways.
Comparative analysis of chemical constituents and bioactivities of the extracts from leaves, seed coats and embryoids of Ginkgo biloba L
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A total of 25 compounds including terpenoids, flavonoids, biflavonoids and ginkgolic acids were identified and quantified with a reliable, simple, and simultaneous method from Ginkgo leaves, seed coats and embryoids with different tree ages (approximately identified as 25, 500, 1000 and 2000 years).
Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract on oxidative metabolism of valproic acid in hepatic microsomes from donors with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype.
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We investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extracts and some of its individual constituents on the oxidative metabolism of valproic acid (VPA) in hepatic microsomes from donors with the CYP2C9*1/*1 genotype. G. biloba extract decreased 4-ene-VPA, 3-OH-VPA, 4-OH-VPA, and 5-OH-VPA formation with mean
Ginkgolide A contributes to the potentiation of acetaminophen toxicity by Ginkgo biloba extract in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.
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The present cell culture study investigated the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract pretreatment on acetaminophen toxicity and assessed the role of ginkgolide A and cytochrome P450 3A (CYP3A) in hepatocytes isolated from adult male Long-Evans rats provided ad libitum with a standard diet. Acetaminophen
Development of an alternative method for determination of terpene lactones in ginkgo dry extract.
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A new liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric (LC-MS) method for determination of terpene lactones in ginkgo dry extract has been developed. The new method has several advantages over the existing European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) method for analysis of terpene lactones in ginkgo dry extract, the
Urinary excretion of ginkgolide terpene lactones following acute consumption of Ginkgo biloba extract.
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Urinary biomarkers of plant food supplement (PFS) exposure/intake represent an accurate, objective tool for determining PFS consumption in humans with applications ranging from epidemiology to subject compliance in clinical trials. Ginkgo biloba remains one of the worlds most popular PFS, yet few
Single-laboratory validation for the determination of terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba dietary supplement crude materials and finished products by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light-scattering detection.
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A single-laboratory validation was completed for a method to determine total terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba products. The method determines terpene lactones on the basis of the main terpene lactones (Bilobalide, Ginkgolide A, Ginkgolide B, Ginkgolide C, and Ginkgolide J) by high-performance
Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation/mass spectrometry: a rapid and selective method for the quantitative determination of ginkgolides and bilobalide in ginkgo leaf extracts and phytopharmaceuticals.
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In order to evaluate the composition of active constituents in phytopharmaceutical preparations, valid analytical methods are required. For the determination of the active terpene constituents of Ginkgo biloba (the ginkgolides and bilobalide), a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method
Simultaneous determination of terpene lactones and flavonoid aglycones in Ginkgo biloba by high-performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection.
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A gradient high performance liquid chromatographic method with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) for the simultaneous determination of ginkgolide A, ginkgolide B, ginkgolide C, ginkgolide J, bilobalide, quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin in Ginkgo biloba is described. Samples are
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