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Neuroprotective Effects of Ginsenoside Rf on Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ). Aβ accumulation leads to the formation of neurofibrillary tangles, inflammation, axonal injury, synapse loss, and neuronal apoptosis. Thus, reducing Aβ levels should exert a

Determination of ginsenoside Rf and Rg2 from Panax ginseng using enzyme immunoassay.

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We have developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to quantify trace amounts of ginsenoside Rf (Rf), one of the glycosides of protopanaxatriol from Panax ginseng. A carrier protein of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was coupled to the carbohydrate component of Rf using the periodate oxidation method.

Preparative isolation and purification of ginsenosides Rf, Re, Rd and Rb1 from the roots of Panax ginseng with a salt/containing solvent system and flow step-gradient by high performance counter-current chromatography coupled with an evaporative light scattering detector.

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Ginseng is a popular herb worldwide and has had varied uses in traditional Asian medicine for thousands of years. There are several different species of the herb, but all share the same constituents. Ginsenosides, the most extensively studied chemical components of ginseng, are generally considered

Ginsenoside Rf, a trace component of ginseng root, produces antinociception in mice.

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Ginseng root, a traditional oriental medicine, contains more than a dozen biologically active saponins called ginsenosides, including one present in only trace amounts called ginsenoside-Rf (Rf). Previously, we showed that Rf inhibits Ca2+ channels in mammalian sensory neurons through a mechanism

Ginsenoside Rf, a component of ginseng, regulates lipoprotein metabolism through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha.

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We investigated whether ginseng regulates lipoprotein metabolism by altering peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha)-mediated pathways, using a PPARalpha-null mouse model. Administration of ginseng extract, ginsenosides, and ginsenoside Rf (Rf) to wild-type mice not only

Production of aglycone protopanaxatriol from ginseng root extract using Dictyoglomus turgidum β-glycosidase that specifically hydrolyzes the xylose at the C-6 position and the glucose in protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides.

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The hydrolytic activity of a recombinant β-glycosidase from Dictyoglomus turgidum that specifically hydrolyzed the xylose at the C-6 position and the glucose in protopanaxatriol (PPT)-type ginsenosides followed the order Rf > Rg₁ > Re > R₁ > Rh₁ > R₂. The production of aglycone protopanaxatriol

Saponins from Vietnamese Ginseng, Panax vietnamensis HA et Grushv. Collected in central Vietnam. II.

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Further investigation on the saponin composition of rhizomes and roots of Panax vietnamensis HA et GRUSHV. has resulted in the isolation and structural elucidation of seven new dammarane saponins named vina-ginsenosides-R3 (12), -R4 (11), -R5 (16), -R6 (17), -R7 (6), -R8 (20), -R9 (22), together

Ultra-performance LC/TOF MS analysis of medicinal Panax herbs for metabolomic research.

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In this study, metabolite profiling of five medicinal Panax herbs including Panax ginseng (Chinese ginseng), Panax notoginseng (Sanchi), Panax japonicus (Rhizoma Panacis Majoris), Panax quinquefolium L. (American ginseng), and P. ginseng (Korean ginseng) were performed using ultra-performance

Major ginsenoside contents in rhizomes of Panax sokpayensis and Panax bipinnatifidus.

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This study compared eight major ginsenosides (Rg1, Rg2, Rf, Re, Rd, Rc, Rb1 and Rb2) between Panax sokpayensis and Panax bipinnatifidus collected from Sikkim Himalaya, India. High-performance liquid chromatographic analysis revealed that all major ginsenosides were present in the rhizomes of P.

An Integrated LC-MS-Based Strategy for the Quality Assessment and Discrimination of Three Panax Species.

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: The quality assessment and discrimination of Panax herbs are very challenging to perform due to the complexity and variability of their chemical compositions. An integrated strategy was established using UHPLC-Q-Exactive/HRMS and HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to achieve an accurate, rapid, and comprehensive

Rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses of Asian ginseng in adulterated American ginseng preparations by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS.

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A new method using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was developed for the rapid qualitative and quantitative analyses of Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer) in adulterated American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) preparations

Screening Specific Biomarkers of Herbs Using a Metabolomics Approach: A Case Study of Panax ginseng.

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Medicinal herbs belonging to the same genus are always easily confused due to their extremely similar morphology and metabolites. Previously, to differentiate them, inherently specific biomarkers were screened out via intuitive comparison of their metabolite profiles. Unfortunately, the selected

Ginsenjilinol, a new protopanaxatriol-type saponin with inhibitory activity on LPS-activated NO production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells from the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng.

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One new dammarane triterpene saponin named ginsenjilinol (1) was isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., together with two known saponins ginsenoside Rf (2) and ginsenoside Re5 ( = panajaponol A, 3). Based on IR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1D as well as 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, NOESY,

Application of atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry in the identification and differentiation of Panax species.

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An HPLC-MS method using an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation (APCI) source has been developed to assist in the differentiation of three ginseng species: Panax quinquefolium (American ginseng), P. ginseng (Chinese ginseng) and P. notoginseng (sanqi) species. The differentiation method relies

Mass spectrometric imaging of ginsenosides localization in Panax ginseng root.

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We performed mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) to localize ginsenosides (Rb(1), Rb(2) or Rc, and Rf) in cross-sections of the Panax ginseng root at a resolution of 100 microm using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) of alkali

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