hexosamine/hypoxia

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Strengthened glycolysis under hypoxia supports tumor symbiosis and hexosamine biosynthesis in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

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Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most intractable and fatal cancer. The decreased blood vessel density displayed by this tumor not only favors its resistance to chemotherapy but also participates in its aggressiveness due to the consequent high degree of hypoxia. It is indeed clear

Induction of macrophage glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase expression by hypoxia and by picolinic acid.

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We studied the expression of glutamine: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), the rate limiting enzyme in the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway controlling protein glycosylation. We obtained the first evidence that the GFAT mRNA and protein are constitutively expressed in murine mononuclear

Glutamine and glutamate limit the shortening of action potential duration in anoxia-challenged rabbit hearts.

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In clinical conditions, amino acid supplementation is applied to improve contractile function, minimize ischemia/reperfusion injury, and facilitate postoperative recovery. It has been shown that glutamine enhances myocardial ATP/APD (action potential duration) and glutathione/oxidized glutathione

Hexosamine biosynthesis is a possible mechanism underlying hypoxia's effects on lipid metabolism in human adipocytes.

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BACKGROUND Hypoxia regulates adipocyte metabolism. Hexosamine biosynthesis is implicated in murine 3T3L1 adipocyte differentiation and is a possible underlying mechanism for hypoxia's effects on adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Lipid metabolism was studied in human visceral and subcutaneous adipocytes

Hypoxia-Induced Neuroinflammation and Learning-Memory Impairments in Adult Zebrafish Are Suppressed by Glucosamine.

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This study investigated changes in neuroinflammation and cognitive function in adult zebrafish exposed to acute hypoxia and protective effects of glucosamine (GlcN) against hypoxia-induced brain damage. The survival rate of zebrafish following exposure to hypoxia was improved by GlcN pretreatment.

[Astroglial protective mechanisms against ROS under brain ischemia].

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Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from mitochondria in neural cells play an essential role in the pathophysiology of stroke. Hyperglycemia is also known to enhance ROS production, resulting in oxidative stress. We reported that both acute and chronic high glucose environments enhance the pentose

Advances in understanding the molecular causes of diabetes-induced birth defects.

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OBJECTIVE To review the current understanding of the molecular causes of birth defects resulting from diabetic pregnancy, with a focus on neural tube defects. METHODS A mouse model of diabetic pregnancy is described, in which embryo gene expression associated with neural tube defects is examined.

Metabolic Reprogramming and the Recovery of Physiological Functionality in 3D Cultures in Micro-Bioreactors.

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The recovery of physiological functionality, which is commonly seen in tissue mimetic three-dimensional (3D) cellular aggregates (organoids, spheroids, acini, etc.), has been observed in cells of many origins (primary tissues, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and

[Tissular toxicity of glucose and therapeutic perspectives].

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Vascular endothelial cells are the main victims of chronic hyperglycaemia. In these cells glucose uptake is directly proportional to the glucose concentration in the medium. Excessive intracellular glucose concentration increases the production of free radicals. Free radicals directly activate 4

Emerging tale of UPR and cancer: an essentiality for malignancy.

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A set of cellular response to counter any alteration in homeostasis of a cell originating at endoplasmic reticulum is collectively termed as unfolded protein response (UPR). It initially is adaptive in nature as to restore cellular normalcy failing in course often activates pro-apoptotic signaling

[Arteriolosclerosis and atherosclerosis. Pathology of the distal and proximal arterial bed. Pathogenesis of diabetic microangiopathy].

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Microangiopathy (MAP) in the distal arterial bed develops in the structures high in pericytes that have myofibrils and, by interacting with the endothelium, form the first peristaltic pumps; they push lymph, hemolymph and blood from the arterial bed to the venous one. The role of glucose,

"Nutrient-sensing" and self-renewal: O-GlcNAc in a new role.

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Whether embryonic, hematopoietic or cancer stem cells, this metabolic reprogramming is dependent on the nutrient-status and bioenergetic pathways that is influenced by the micro-environmental niches like hypoxia. Thus, the microenvironment plays a vital role in determining the stem cell fate by

The impact of nutrition of the cumulus oocyte complex and embryo on subsequent development in ruminants.

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Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) and early embryos rely on a histotrophic nutrition source for energy production and the synthesis of macromolecules. There is accumulating evidence suggesting that the balance of supply and demand for energy and other anabolic substrates during oocyte maturation and

Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic.

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Endocytic membrane traffic controls the access of myriad cell surface proteins to the extracellular milieu, and thus gates nutrient uptake, ion homeostasis, signaling, adhesion and migration. Coordination of the regulation of endocytic membrane traffic with a cell's metabolic needs represents an

The effect of chronic, mild heat stress on metabolic changes of nutrition and adaptations in rumen papillae of lactating dairy cows

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Global warming and accompanying high ambient temperatures reduce feed intake of dairy cows and shift the blood flow from the core of the body to the periphery. As a result, hypoxia may occur in the digestive tract accompanied by disruption of the intestinal barrier, local endotoxemia and

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