microcephaly/nicotine

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The teratogenic effects of nicotine in vitro in rats: a light and electron microscope study.

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Cigarette smoking in pregnant women has been shown to lead to intrauterine growth retardation and fetal death, and possibly also to neural dysmorphology and long-term learning deficits in the offspring. Because the teratogenic agent in cigarette smoke remains controversial, the present study on rat

Medical diagnoses and growth of children residing in Russian orphanages.

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OBJECTIVE Survey the health of young children residing in Russian orphanages. METHODS Retrospective chart review of all 193 'healthy' young children (105M:88F, age range 2-72 months) residing in orphanages in Murmansk, Russia. RESULTS Mothers of these institutionalized children had complex histories

Antenatal antecedents of a small head circumference at age 24-months post-term equivalent in a sample of infants born before the 28th post-menstrual week.

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BACKGROUND Little is known about the antecedents of microcephaly in early childhood among children born at extremely low gestational age. OBJECTIVE To identify some of the antecedents of microcephaly at age two years among children born before the 28th week of gestation. METHODS Observational cohort

The Seattle longitudinal prospective study on alcohol and pregnancy.

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An unselected sample of 1529 women (predominantly white, married, and middle-class) were interviewed during pregnancy regarding their use of alcohol, nicotine, caffeine, drugs, and other variables. Subsets of offspring were examined to assess the relationship of self-reported maternal alcohol use to

Perinatal substance abuse and the drug-exposed neonate.

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Tobacco and alcohol are the substances most abused during pregnancy. Alcohol (ethanol) is the human teratogen that produces the most serious neurobehavioral effects on the fetus. Cocaine is associated with spontaneous abortions, premature labor, precipitous labor, stillbirths, meconium staining and

Plant-produced Zika virus envelope protein elicits neutralizing immune responses that correlate with protective immunity against Zika virus in mice.

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The global Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak and its link to foetal and newborn microcephaly and severe neurological complications in adults call for the urgent development of ZIKV vaccines. In response, we developed a subunit vaccine based on the ZIKV envelope (E) protein and investigated its

Alcohol and Psychoactive Drugs in Pregnancy.

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Although often difficult to diagnose, the use of psychoactive drugs during pregnancy has become a commonly encountered occurrence. The present article aims to clarify the effects of alcohol, tobacco, narcotics, antidepressants, stimulants, halucinogenes and canabioids consumption on pregnancy and

Teratogenic effects of the Zika virus and the role of the placenta.

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The mechanism by which the Zika virus can cause fetal microcephaly is not known. Reports indicate that Zika is able to evade the normal immunoprotective responses of the placenta. Microcephaly has genetic causes, some associated with maternal exposures including radiation, tobacco smoke, alcohol,

Cannabis Teratology Explains Current Patterns of Coloradan Congenital Defects: The Contribution of Increased Cannabinoid Exposure to Rising Teratological Trends.

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Rising Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol concentrations in modern cannabis invites investigation of the teratological implications of prenatal cannabis exposure. Data from Colorado Responds to Children with Special Needs (CRCSN), National Survey of Drug Use and Health, and Drug Enforcement Agency was

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