osteophyte/protease

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Neutral proteases in regenerating bone.

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Proteolytic enzymes acting at physiologic pH (neutral proteases) are involved in both the formation and modeling of new bone and the remodeling of mature bone. In endochondral ossification systems such as growth-plate calcification, fracture healing, osteophyte formation, and demineralized bone

Depletion of protease-activated receptor 2 but not protease-activated receptor 1 may confer protection against osteoarthritis in mice through extracartilaginous mechanisms.

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OBJECTIVE To explore the involvement of protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR-1) and PAR-2 in the pathologic processes of osteoarthritis (OA) and to identify the cells/tissues primarily affected by ablation of PAR-1 or PAR-2 in mice. METHODS OA was induced in the joints of wild-type (WT), PAR-1(+/+) ,

Osteoblasts derived from osteophytes produce interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 in osteoarthritis.

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To clarify the significance of the osteophytes that appear during the progression of osteoarthritis (OA), we investigated the expression of inflammatory cytokines and proteases in osteoblasts from osteophytes. We also examined the influence of mechanical stress loading on osteoblasts on the

Rheumatic Disease: Protease-Activated Receptor-2 in Synovial Joint Pathobiology.

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Protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR2) is one member of a small family of transmembrane, G-protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are activated via cleavage of their N terminus by serine proteases (e.g., tryptase), unveiling an N terminus tethered ligand which binds to the second extracellular

Osteophytes and fracture calluses share developmental milestones and are diminished by unloading.

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Osteophytes are a typical radiographic finding during osteoarthritis (OA), but the mechanisms leading to their formation are not well known. Comparatively, fracture calluses have been studied extensively; therefore, drawing comparisons between osteophytes and fracture calluses may lead to a deeper

Licofelone reduces progression of structural changes in a canine model of osteoarthritis under curative conditions: effect on protease expression and activity.

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OBJECTIVE We investigated the effectiveness of licofelone, a combined 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitor, on structural changes in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) experimental dog model of osteoarthritis (OA) under therapeutic conditions. The effect of drug treatment on the expression

The epidermal growth factor-like domain of the large proteoglycans from articular cartilage (aggrecans). Estimate of content at different ages and in osteoarthritis.

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Sequencing of cDNA clones has shown that the carboxy terminal domain of the core protein of large proteoglycans (aggrecans) from human cartilage contains an epidermal growth factor-like (EGF-like) domain which is alternatively spliced. In a previous study it was found that the domain of the

The in vivo effects of intraarticular corticosteroid injections on cartilage lesions, stromelysin, interleukin-1, and oncogene protein synthesis in experimental osteoarthritis.

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BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by a progressive erosion of the articular cartilage. Studies suggest that cytokines and metalloproteases play an important role in this process. Previously, we found that corticosteroids given prophylactically reduce the severity of cartilage lesions.

Mapping of arthritogenic/autoimmune epitopes of cartilage aggrecans in proteoglycan-induced arthritis.

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Immunization of BALB/c mice with chondroitin sulfate-depleted proteoglycan (aggrecan) of fetal human cartilage produces progressive polyarthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. The development of the disease in genetically susceptible BALB/c mice is dependent upon the expression of both cell-mediated

Symptom and structure modification in osteoarthritis with pharmaceutical-grade chondroitin sulfate: what's the evidence?

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OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis is a chronic disease characterized by irreversible damage to joint structures, including loss of articular cartilage, osteophyte formation, alterations in the subchondral bone and synovial inflammation. It has been shown that chondroitin sulfate interferes with the

[Pathophysiology of osteoarthritis: perspectives]

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Osteoarthritis is generally considered a degenerative disorder driven by mechanical alteration of joint cartilage, with the bone changes being reactive to cartilage changes. According to this pathogenetic mechanism the only strategy to prevent osteoarthritis should be based on the so-called

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ promotes the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis in a mouse model.

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OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a serious disease of the entire joint, characterized by articular cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone changes, osteophyte formation, and synovial hyperplasia. Currently, there are no pharmaceutical treatments that can slow the disease progression, resulting in

The microRNAs miR-204 and miR-211 maintain joint homeostasis and protect against osteoarthritis progression.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common, painful disease. Currently OA is incurable, and its etiology largely unknown, partly due to limited understanding of OA as a whole-joint disease. Here we report that two homologous microRNAs, miR-204 and miR-211, maintain joint homeostasis to suppress OA

WISP1/CCN4 aggravates cartilage degeneration in experimental osteoarthritis.

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Increased Wisp1 expression was previously reported in experimental and human osteoarthritis (OA). Moreover, adenoviral overexpression of Wisp1 in naïve mouse knee joints resulted in early OA-like cartilage lesions. Here, we determined how the matricellular protein WISP1 is involved in the pathology

Cathepsin K, but not cathepsins B, L, or S, is abundantly expressed in human osteoclasts.

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Random high throughput sequencing of a human osteoclast cDNA library was employed to identify novel osteoclast-expressed genes. Of the 5475 ESTs obtained, approximately 4% encoded cathepsin K, a novel cysteine protease homologous to cathepsins S and L; ESTs for other cathepsins were rare. In

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